Showing papers by "Jun Lu published in 2015"
TL;DR: In this article, density functional theory is used to predict the existence of two new families of 2D ordered, carbides (MXenes), where M′ layers sandwich M″ carbide layers.
Abstract: The higher the chemical diversity and structural complexity of two-dimensional (2D) materials, the higher the likelihood they possess unique and useful properties. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) is used to predict the existence of two new families of 2D ordered, carbides (MXenes), M′2M″C2 and M′2M″2C3, where M′ and M″ are two different early transition metals. In these solids, M′ layers sandwich M″ carbide layers. By synthesizing Mo2TiC2Tx, Mo2Ti2C3Tx, and Cr2TiC2Tx (where T is a surface termination), we validated the DFT predictions. Since the Mo and Cr atoms are on the outside, they control the 2D flakes’ chemical and electrochemical properties. The latter was proven by showing quite different electrochemical behavior of Mo2TiC2Tx and Ti3C2Tx. This work further expands the family of 2D materials, offering additional choices of structures, chemistries, and ultimately useful properties.
1,167 citations
TL;DR: The established heterojunction between the interfaces of TiO2 nanoparticles and g-C3N4 nanosheets as well as introduced Ti(3+) led to the rapid electron transfer rate and improved photoinduced electron-hole pair's separation efficiency, resulting in the improved photocatalytic performance of the Ti( 3+) self-doped TiO 2/g-C 3N4 heterojunctions.
Abstract: A simple one-step calcination route was used to prepare Ti3+ self-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions by mixture of H2Ti3O7 and melamine. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) technologies were used to characterize the structure, crystallinity, morphology, and chemical state of the as-prepared samples. The absorption of the prepared Ti3+ self-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions shifted to a longer wavelength region in comparison with pristine TiO2 and g-C3N4. The photocatalytic activities of the heterojunctions were studied by degrading methylene blue under a 30 W visible-light-emitting diode irradiation source. The visible-light photocatalytic activities enhanced by the prepared Ti3+ self-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions were observed and proved to be better than that of pure TiO2 and ...
476 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hydrometallurgical method involving natural organic acid leaching has been developed for recovery of lithium and cobalt from the cathode active materials in spent lithium-ion batteries.
305 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of a two-dimensional transition metal carbide, Mo2C (MXene), obtained by immersing Mo2Ga2C thin films in hydrofluoric acid was reported.
296 citations
TL;DR: The investigation of a binder-free cathode material to be used in rechargeable aluminum batteries delivered an initial discharge capacity of 239 mAh/g, which is much higher than that of batteries fabricated using a cathode composed of V2O5 nanowires and binder.
Abstract: This letter reports on the investigation of a binder-free cathode material to be used in rechargeable aluminum batteries. This cathode is synthesized by directly depositing V2O5 on a Ni foam current collector. Rechargeable aluminum coin cells fabricated using the as-synthesized binder-free cathode delivered an initial discharge capacity of 239 mAh/g, which is much higher than that of batteries fabricated using a cathode composed of V2O5 nanowires and binder. An obvious discharge voltage plateau appeared at 0.6 V in the discharge curves of the Ni–V2O5 cathode, which is slightly higher than that of the V2O5 nanowire cathodes with common binders. This improvement is attributed to reduced electrochemical polarization.
265 citations
TL;DR: The hard carbon originated from the PVC nanofibers exhibited good cycling stability and rate performance, and was a promising candidate as anode material for Na-ion battery application.
Abstract: Two types of hard carbon materials were synthesized through direct pyrolysis of commercial polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles and pyrolysis of PVC nanofibers at 600-800 °C, respectively, where the nanofibers were prepared by an electrospinning PVC precursors method. These as-prepared hard carbon samples were used as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. The hard carbon obtained from PVC nanofibers achieved a high reversible capacity of 271 mAh/g and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 69.9%, which were much superior to the one from commercial PVC, namely, a reversible capacity of 206 mAh/g and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 60.9%. In addition, the hard carbon originated from the PVC nanofibers exhibited good cycling stability and rate performance: the initial discharge capacities were 389, 228, 194, 178, 147 mAh/g at the current density of 12, 24, 60, 120, and 240 mA/g, respectively, retaining 211 mAh/g after 150 cycles. Such excellent cycle performance, high reversible capacity, and good rate capability enabled this hard carbon to be a promising candidate as anode material for Na-ion battery application.
200 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the phase stabilities and crystal structures of two newly discovered ordered, quaternary MAX phases were reported by mixing and heating different elemental powder mixtures of mMo:(3m)Ti:1.1Al:2C with 1.5
Abstract: Herein, we report on the phase stabilities and crystal structures of two newly discovered ordered, quaternary MAX phases—Mo2TiAlC2 and Mo2Ti2AlC3—synthesized by mixing and heating different elemental powder mixtures of mMo:(3-m)Ti:1.1Al:2C with 1.5 ≤ m ≤ 2.2 and 2Mo: 2Ti:1.1Al:2.7C to 1600 °C for 4 h under Ar flow. In general, for m ≥ 2 an ordered 312 phase, (Mo2Ti)AlC2, was the majority phase; for m < 2, an ordered 413 phase (Mo2Ti2)AlC3, was the major product. The actual chemistries determined from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are Mo2TiAlC1.7 and Mo2Ti1.9Al0.9C2.5, respectively. High resolution scanning transmission microscopy, XPS and Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the general ordered stacking sequence to be Mo-Ti-Mo-Al-Mo-Ti-Mo for Mo2TiAlC2 and Mo-Ti-Ti-Mo-Al-Mo-Ti-Ti-Mo for Mo2Ti2AlC3, with the carbon atoms occupying the octahedral sites between the transition metal layers. Consistent with the experimental results, the theoretical calculations clearly show that M l...
194 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nano-architectured layer of LiF/FeF 3 is epitaxially grown on bulk hierarchical Li-rich cathode Li[Li 0.2 Ni 0.6 ]O 2.
155 citations
TL;DR: A dimeric molecular analogue of MoS2 edge sites, as the smallest unit possessing both the terminal and bridging disulfide ligands, is reported, showing that [Mo2 S12 ](2-) is a superior heterogeneous HER catalyst under acidic conditions.
Abstract: Proton reduction is one of the most fundamental and important reactions in nature. MoS2 edges have been identified as the active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. Designing molecular mimics of MoS2 edge sites is an attractive strategy to understand the underlying catalytic mechanism of different edge sites and improve their activities. Herein we report a dimeric molecular analogue [Mo2 S12 ](2-) , as the smallest unit possessing both the terminal and bridging disulfide ligands. Our electrochemical tests show that [Mo2 S12 ](2-) is a superior heterogeneous HER catalyst under acidic conditions. Computations suggest that the bridging disulfide ligand of [Mo2 S12 ](2-) exhibits a hydrogen adsorption free energy near zero (-0.05 eV). This work helps shed light on the rational design of HER catalysts and biomimetics of hydrogen-evolving enzymes.
155 citations
TL;DR: Findings provide fundamental understanding for appearance of stepwise potential variation during the discharge of Li/α-MnO2 batteries as well as the origin for low practical capacity and fast capacity fading of α-MmO2 as an intercalated electrode.
Abstract: α-MnO2 is a promising material for Li-ion batteries and has unique tunneled structure that facilitates the diffusion of Li(+). The overall electrochemical performance of α-MnO2 is determined by the tunneled structure stability during its interaction with Li(+), the mechanism of which is, however, poorly understood. In this paper, a novel tetragonal-orthorhombic-tetragonal symmetric transition during lithiation of K(+)-stabilized α-MnO2 is observed using in situ transmission electron microscopy. Atomic resolution imaging indicated that 1 × 1 and 2 × 2 tunnels exist along c ([001]) direction of the nanowire. The morphology of a partially lithiated nanowire observed in the ⟨100⟩ projection is largely dependent on crystallographic orientation ([100] or [010]), indicating the existence of asynchronous expansion of α-MnO2's tetragonal unit cell along a and b lattice directions, which results in a tetragonal-orthorhombic-tetragonal (TOT) symmetric transition upon lithiation. Such a TOT transition is confirmed by diffraction analysis and Mn valence quantification. Density functional theory (DFT) confirms that Wyckoff 8h sites inside 2 × 2 tunnels are the preferred sites for Li(+) occupancy. The sequential Li(+) filling at 8h sites leads to asynchronous expansion and symmetry degradation of the host lattice as well as tunnel instability upon lithiation. These findings provide fundamental understanding for appearance of stepwise potential variation during the discharge of Li/α-MnO2 batteries as well as the origin for low practical capacity and fast capacity fading of α-MnO2 as an intercalated electrode.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic evaluation of Pt, Pd, and Ru nanoparticles supported on rGO as OER electrocatalysts in Li-air cell cathodes with LiCF3SO3-tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (TEGDME) salt-electrolyte system is presented.
Abstract: Among many challenges present in Li–air batteries, one of the main reasons of low efficiency is the high charge overpotential due to the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we present systematic evaluation of Pt, Pd, and Ru nanoparticles supported on rGO as OER electrocatalysts in Li–air cell cathodes with LiCF3SO3–tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (TEGDME) salt-electrolyte system. All of the noble metals explored could lower the charge overpotentials, and among them, Ru-rGO hybrids exhibited the most stable cycling performance and the lowest charge overpotentials. Role of Ru nanoparticles in boosting oxidation kinetics of the discharge products were investigated. Apparent behavior of Ru nanoparticles was different from the conventional electrocatalysts that lower activation barrier through electron transfer, because the major contribution of Ru nanoparticles in lowering charge overpotential is to control the nature of the discharge products. Ru nanoparticles facilitated thin film-like or nano...
TL;DR: In this paper, the quasi-reversibility of the layered α-NaFeO2 cathode in sodium-ion cells was examined using a solid-state synthesis method, and the changes in Fe oxidation states and crystallographic structures were examined during the electrochemical sodium cycling of the NaFeO 2 electrodes.
Abstract: The emergence of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) employing cathodes based on earth abundant sodium and iron is expected to be ideal for large-scale electrical energy storage systems, for which the cost factor is of primary importance. However, these iron-based layered oxides still show unsatisfactory cycle performance, and the redox of the fleeting Fe3+/Fe4+ couple needs to be better understood. In this study, we examine the quasi-reversibility of the layered α-NaFeO2 cathode in sodium-ion cells. A NaFeO2 powder sample that has the O3-type layered structure was synthesized via a solid-state synthesis method. The changes in Fe oxidation states and crystallographic structures were examined during the electrochemical sodium cycling of the NaFeO2 electrodes. Ex situ Mossbauer spectroscopy analysis revealed the chemical instability of Fe4+ in a battery cell environment: more than 20% of Fe4+ species that was generated in the desodiated Na1–xFeO2 electrode was spontaneously reduced back to Fe3+ states during open c...
TL;DR: In this article, a new layered ternary carbide, Mo2TiAlC2, was synthesized by heating an elemental mixture at 1600 degrees C for 4 h under an Ar flow.
TL;DR: The discovery of a new hexagonal Mo2Ga2C phase, wherein two Ga layers – instead of one – are stacked in a simple hexagonal arrangement in between Mo2C layers is reported.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used simple metallothermic reactions to reduce atmospheric CO 2 to dense nanoporous graphene, which exhibits high specific surface area of 1900m 2 /g, a great conductivity of 1050 s/m and a tap density of 0.63g/cm 3, comparable to activated carbon.
TL;DR: The co-existence of multiple cellular miRNA pools with distinct turnover kinetics and biogenesis properties and previously unrecognized sequence features for fast turnover miRNAs are reported and implicate rules for designing stable small RNAs, such as siRNAs.
Abstract: Steady state cellular microRNA (miRNA) levels represent the balance between miRNA biogenesis and turnover. The kinetics and sequence determinants of mammalian miRNA turnover during and after miRNA maturation are not fully understood. Through a large-scale study on mammalian miRNA turnover, we report the co-existence of multiple cellular miRNA pools with distinct turnover kinetics and biogenesis properties and reveal previously unrecognized sequence features for fast turnover miRNAs. We measured miRNA turnover rates in eight mammalian cell types with a combination of expression profiling and deep sequencing. While most miRNAs are stable, a subset of miRNAs, mostly miRNA*s, turnovers quickly, many of which display a two-step turnover kinetics. Moreover, different sequence isoforms of the same miRNA can possess vastly different turnover rates. Fast turnover miRNA isoforms are enriched for 5′ nucleotide bias against Argonaute-(AGO)-loading, but also additional 3′ and central sequence features. Modeling based on two fast turnover miRNA*s miR-222-5p and miR-125b-1-3p, we unexpectedly found that while both miRNA*s are associated with AGO, they strongly differ in HSP90 association and sensitivity to HSP90 inhibition. Our data characterize the landscape of genome-wide miRNA turnover in cultured mammalian cells and reveal differential HSP90 requirements for different miRNA*s. Our findings also implicate rules for designing stable small RNAs, such as siRNAs.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple one-step annealing synthesis yielding a high surface area cellulose-derived activated carbon is reported, which is a crumbled graphene nanostructure composed of interconnected sheets, making it ideal for use in an electrochemical capacitor.
TL;DR: The AKT/miR-199a-5p/CAV1 pathway is identified as a regulator of innate immunity, which is dysfunctional in CF macrophages contributing to lung hyper-inflammation, and this pathway is targeted by celecoxib.
Abstract: In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, hyper-inflammation is a key factor in lung destruction and disease morbidity. We have previously demonstrated that macrophages drive the lung hyper-inflammatory response to LPS in CF mice, because of reduced levels of the scaffold protein CAV1 with subsequent uncontrolled TLR4 signalling. Here we show that reduced CAV1 and, consequently, increased TLR4 signalling, in human and murine CF macrophages and murine CF lungs, is caused by high microRNA-199a-5p levels, which are PI3K/AKT-dependent. Downregulation of microRNA-199a-5p or increased AKT signalling restores CAV1 expression and reduces hyper-inflammation in CF macrophages. Importantly, the FDA-approved drug celecoxib re-establishes the AKT/miR-199a-5p/CAV1 axis in CF macrophages, and ameliorates lung hyper-inflammation in Cftr-deficient mice. Thus, we identify the AKT/miR-199a-5p/CAV1 pathway as a regulator of innate immunity, which is dysfunctional in CF macrophages contributing to lung hyper-inflammation. In addition, we found that this pathway can be targeted by celecoxib.
TL;DR: In this article, the amorphous structure, chemical bonding, and electrical properties of magnetron sputtered Fe 1−xCx (0.21 < x < 0.72) thin films were investigated.
Abstract: We investigate the amorphous structure, chemical bonding, and electrical properties ofmagnetron sputtered Fe1−xCx (0.21 < x < 0.72) thin films. X-ray, electron diffraction andtransmission ele ...
TL;DR: A critical role is reported for hyperglycemia-induced repression of miR-24 in VWF-induced pathology, which represents a novel therapeutic target to prevent adverse thrombotic events in patients with diabetes mellitus.
TL;DR: Results for a Li-O2 battery based on an activated carbon cathode that indicate interfacial effects can suppress disproportionation of a LiO2 component in the discharge product are presented.
Abstract: During the cycling of Li-O2 batteries the discharge process gives rise to dynamically evolving agglomerates composed of lithium–oxygen nanostructures; however, little is known about their composition. In this paper, we present results for a Li-O2 battery based on an activated carbon cathode that indicate interfacial effects can suppress disproportionation of a LiO2 component in the discharge product. High-intensity X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements are first used to show that there is a LiO2 component along with Li2O2 in the discharge product. The stability of the discharge product was then probed by investigating the dependence of the charge potential and Raman intensity of the superoxide peak with time. The results indicate that the LiO2 component can be stable for possibly up to days when an electrolyte is left on the surface of the discharged cathode. Density functional calculations on amorphous LiO2 reveal that the disproportionation process will be slower at an elec...
TL;DR: A binder-free monolithic electrode structure based on directly encapsulating micro-nano Si/SiOx particles into conjugated nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks to form monolithic, multi-core, cross-linking composite matrices that enhances the utilization efficiency of SiO and accommodates its large volume expansion, as well as its good ionic and electronic conductivity.
Abstract: Silicon monoxide, a promising silicon-based anode candidate for lithium-ion batteries, has recently attracted much attention for its high theoretical capacity, good cycle stability, low cost, and environmental benignity. Currently, the most critical challenge is to improve its low initial coulombic efficiency and significant volume changes during the charge–discharge processes. Herein, we report a binder-free monolithic electrode structure based on directly encapsulating micro-nano Si/SiOx particles into conjugated nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks to form monolithic, multi-core, cross-linking composite matrices. We utilize micro-nano Si/SiOx reduced by high-energy ball-milling SiO as active materials, and conjugated nitrogen-doped carbon formed by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile both as binders and conductive agents. Owing to the high electrochemical activity of Si/SiOx and the good mechanical resiliency of conjugated nitrogen-doped carbon backbones, this specific composite structure enhances the utilization efficiency of SiO and accommodates its large volume expansion, as well as its good ionic and electronic conductivity. The annealed Si/SiOx/polyacrylonitrile composite electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties, including a high initial reversible capacity (2734 mA h g−1 with 75% coulombic efficiency), stable cycle performance (988 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles), and good rate capability (800 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 rate). Because the composite is naturally abundant and shows such excellent electrochemical performance, it is a promising anode candidate material for lithium-ion batteries. The binder-free monolithic architectural design also provides an effective way to prepare other monolithic electrode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries.
TL;DR: In this article, in situ studies of phase transformations during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of (Ti-6Al-4V)-xH alloys were conducted using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
TL;DR: Experimental results support the theory of Förster's non-radiation energy transfer and suggest the possible hydrogen bonds of curcumin with Thr-77, Thr-218, and Glu-287 of pepsin, which help further stabilize theCurcumin-pepsin complex.
TL;DR: An efferent projection from the globus pallidus externa (GPe), a key hub in the basal ganglia system, to the cortex of rats and mice is explored, revealing projections to the frontal premotor cortex originating from GPe neurons that receive axonal inputs from the dorsal striatum.
Abstract: Interaction between the basal ganglia and the cortex plays a critical role in a range of behaviors. Output from the basal ganglia to the cortex is thought to be relayed through the thalamus, but an intriguing alternative is that the basal ganglia may directly project to and communicate with the cortex. We explored an efferent projection from the globus pallidus externa (GPe), a key hub in the basal ganglia system, to the cortex of rats and mice. Anterograde and retrograde tracing revealed projections to the frontal premotor cortex, especially the deep projecting layers, originating from GPe neurons that receive axonal inputs from the dorsal striatum. Cre-dependent anterograde tracing in Vgat-ires-cre mice confirmed that the pallidocortical projection is GABAergic, and in vitro optogenetic stimulation in the cortex of these projections produced a fast inhibitory postsynaptic current in targeted cells that was abolished by bicuculline. The pallidocortical projections targeted GABAergic interneurons and, to a lesser extent, pyramidal neurons. This GABAergic pallidocortical pathway directly links the basal ganglia and cortex, and may play a key role in behavior and cognition in normal and disease states.
TL;DR: This review not only summarizes recent progress in aptamer selection and the application in targeted drug delivery systems but also discusses the advantages, challenges and new perspectives associated with these delivery systems.
Abstract: Aptamers, which can be screened via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), are superior ligands for molecular recognition due to their high selectivity and affinity. The interest in the use of aptamers as ligands for targeted drug delivery has been increasing due to their unique advantages. Based on their different compositions and preparation methods, aptamer-functionalized targeted drug delivery systems can be divided into two main categories: aptamer-small molecule conjugated systems and aptamer-nanomaterial conjugated systems. In this review, we not only summarize recent progress in aptamer selection and the application of aptamers in these targeted drug delivery systems but also discuss the advantages, challenges and new perspectives associated with these delivery systems.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors employ the anisotropic bulk approximation to successfully implement the electromagnetic modeling of superconducting coils wound with rare-earth barium-copperoxide (REBCO) tapes based on the H-formulation, in which the field-dependent critical current density and highly nonlinear characteristic are considered.
Abstract: In this paper, we employ the anisotropic bulk approximation to successfully implement the electromagnetic modeling of superconducting coils wound with rare-earth-barium-copper-oxide (REBCO) tapes based on the H-formulation, in which the field-dependent critical current density and highly nonlinear characteristic are considered. The total number of turns in the stacks of REBCO pancake coils is up to several thousand. We validate the anisotropic bulk model by comparing the ac loss of a small four-pancake coil between the bulk model and the original model which takes the actual thickness of the superconducting layer into account. Then, the anisotropic bulk model is used to investigate the self-field problem of the REBCO prototype coils of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory all-superconducting magnet. The field and current density distributions are obtained, and an obvious shielding effect is observed at the top and bottom of the coils. The ac losses in the first and second cycles are calculated. The former is crucial to the design of the cooling system and the latter relates to the routine consumption of the liquid helium. It is found that the ac loss in the first cycle is 2.6 times as large as that in the second cycle. We also study the ac loss dependences on some key parameters (the critical current, n-value and ramp rate of the applied current). It is found that both in the first and second cycles, the ac loss increases with decreasing critical current. Moreover, the influence of the n-value on the ac loss is negligible. In addition, the ac loss decreases logarithmically with increasing ramp rate. However, the average power loss increases linearly with increasing ramp rate. We also compare some analytical estimates with the simulation result for the ac loss of the dual prototype coils. It is found that the results of Bean's slab model are closer to the simulation result. The presented model is a useful tool to help us understand electromagnetic behavior and ac losses in REBCO high field coils. It also provides a basis to analyze the mechanical characteristics in the coils in the future.
TL;DR: Results showed that putative MLR neurons medial to the PPT and MEA in rats were non-cholinergic, glutamatergic, and express the orexin (hypocretin) type 2 receptors, suggesting that MLR dysfunction may contribute to the postural and gait abnormalities in Parkinsonism.
Abstract: The mesencephalic (or midbrain) locomotor region (MLR) was first described in 1966 by Shik and colleagues who demonstrated that electrical stimulation of this region induced locomotion in decerebrate (intercollicular transection) cats. The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) cholinergic neurons and midbrain extrapyramidal area (MEA) have been suggested to form the neuroanatomical basis for the MLR, but direct evidence for the role of these structures in locomotor behavior has been lacking. Here we tested the hypothesis that the MLR is composed of non-cholinergic spinally-projecting cells in the lateral pontine tegmentum (LPT). Our results showed that putative MLR neurons medial to the PPT and MEA in rats were non-cholinergic, glutamatergic and express the orexin (hypocretin) type 2 receptors. Fos mapping correlated with motor behaviors revealed that the dorsal and ventral MLR are activated, respectively, in association with locomotion and an erect posture. Consistent with these findings, chemical stimulation of the dorsal MLR produced locomotion whereas stimulation of the ventral MLR caused standing. Lesions of the MLR (dorsal and ventral regions together) resulted in cataplexy and episodic immobility of gait. Finally, trans-neuronal tracing with pseudorabies virus (PRV) demonstrated disynaptic input to the MLR from the substantia nigra via the MEA. These findings offer a new perspective on the neuroanatomic basis of the MLR, and suggest that MLR dysfunction may contribute to the postural and gait abnormalities in Parkinsonism.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that B4C-B-10 films are not damaged by the neutron irradiation and interactions, which they will be exposed to under many years in a neutron detector.
TL;DR: Among electrolytes used in this work, the composite γ-butyrolactone/ethyl methyl carbonate (GBL/EMC) exhibited remarkably less gassing because of the electrochemical stability of the GBL, which makes it a promising electrolyte for battery with advanced safety and lifetime.
Abstract: Gas generation in lithium-ion batteries is one of the critical issues limiting their safety performance and lifetime. In this work, a set of 900 mAh pouch cells were applied to systematically compare the composition of gases generated from a serial of carbonate-based composite electrolytes, using a self-designed gas analyzing system. Among electrolytes used in this work, the composite γ-butyrolactone/ethyl methyl carbonate (GBL/EMC) exhibited remarkably less gassing because of the electrochemical stability of the GBL, which makes it a promising electrolyte for battery with advanced safety and lifetime.