Showing papers by "Jurgen Jasperneite published in 2018"

Towards integration of Industrial Ethernet with 5G mobile networks

Abstract: In contrast to the predecessors, the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) will particularly address communication in production systems by providing machine-type communication and matching requirements regarding reliability and latency. However, 3GPP 5G will not be the one and only network technology that can be used to fulfill all the requirements raising from industrial applications at reasonable costs. It is more likely, that it complements other wired and wireless technologies, rather than replacing them. This paper presents different scenarios to combine 5G and Industrial Ethernet to a hybrid topology, it explains the characteristics and possible use cases for these scenarios and it sketches approaches to engineer and configure the hybrid network.

Investigation on a distributed SDN control plane architecture for heterogeneous time sensitive networks

Abstract: Data-driven services (optimization or condition monitoring) are often deployed using cloud architectures. The shop floor itself becomes more and more flexible and reconfigurable using modular machine design and Plug and Play services. These industrial use cases induce additional requirements to communication systems: scalable real-time communication from sensor to cloud as well as seamless and automatic network configuration on the shop floor. A promising data plane technology for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is IEEE 802.1 Ethernet TSN that allows convergent and time sensitive communication. The configuration of the IIoT is complex because the IIoT is often large, growing and changing over time and often consists of heterogeneous network domains because of the brownfield and manifold requirements from the applications. Software-defined Networking (SDN) has the potential to reduce the engineering effort and to increase the operation efficiency (monitoring, diagnosis, reconfiguration) of heterogeneous IIoT. SDN Control Planes can be implemented as physical-central, logic-central, distributed or hybrid architecture. The different architectures have specific advantages and disadvantages regarding QoS, throughput and engineering efforts. A key role takes the East-West interface that handles the communication between distributed SDN Controllers. SDN Data Plane agents can help to manage legacy Data Planes with SDN. A TSN Nano Profile with inverse and cooperative operating Time Aware Shaper is a migration solution to upgrade legacy communication controllers with TSN functions. The disadvantages are less throughput and increased latency for acyclic traffic.

State of the Art and Future Applications of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: In this paper an investigation of the State of the Art of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) is performed. Therefore the given industrial requirements, different wireless communication protocols, the defined basic architecture and open research questions will be analysed. Furthermore, current challenges from the research domain will be discussed and a real use case of IWSNs from a research project in cooperation with a local industrial partner will be evaluated. To conclude this paper an outlook of further developments and possible future applications of IWSNs will be sketched.

Software- Defined Networking as an Enabler for Future Industrial Network Management

Abstract: The overall Industry 4.0 (I4.0) developments combined with the disruptive process of IT-based digitalisation create a vast amount of new opportunities but also challenges for the industrial automation domain. The combination of hybrid (wired & wireless) communication architectures, already widely installed legacy technologies, new approaches, such as Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) or 5G, and the general heterogeneity of the industrial landscape results in a high configuration complexity. This creates the necessity for future-proof industrial communication network management systems. Therefore, this paper summarises the current state of the art in this area in order to identify the specific requirements towards future industrial network management systems. The most promising candidate is the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) concept. To evaluate SDN as a possible enabler, specified industrial requirements are compared with the current technological and conceptual capabilities of SDN. In addition, drawbacks resulting in future research questions are identified.

Cloud-based Plug and Work architecture of the IIC Testbed Smart Factory Web

Abstract: The Smart Factory Web (SFW) is a platform that connects Smart Factories over a network to enable flexible sharing and management of resources, assets and inventory to maximize production and efficiency. In order to become part of the Smart Factory Web, network participants describe not only their products, but also the factory capabilities to order to improve factory-to-factory collaboration. A Smart Factory Web Portal (SFWP) enables secure data and service integration in cross-site application scenarios as well as ‘plug & work’ functions for devices, machines, and data analytics software by applying industrial standards, Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA), and Automation Markup Language (AutomationML or AML for short). OPC UA serves as a comprehensive and secure communication protocol from the machine level into the cloud. A Cloud Coupler on the shop floor publishes the availability of a factory and selected process data in the SFWP. Customers or even smart machines can use this information to make decisions for placing an order and track their orders in real time. In order to simplify the setup of the connection to the cloud and minimize the commissioning time the cloud coupler also aggregates all OPC UA servers on devices in the factory into a single OPC UA aggregated server address space. In this paper an architecture is proposed which uses cloud coupler and plug and work techniques to make a new or retrofit factory available in a SFW to share capability information towards a new marketplace for manufacturing. It is shown that the integration efforts are decreased but also the use of standards reduces the effort to define interfaces.

Utilizing Blockchain Technology in Industrial Manufacturing with the help of Network Simulation

Abstract: The fourth Industrial Revolution is finding its way into modern manufacturing sites. Assets with a certain degree of implemented communication technology will be enabled to interconnect and cooperate with practically every other entity via the Industrial Internet. An extreme amount of data and information will be exchanged all the time. Machines will be empowered to make crucial decisions autonomously influencing whole production processes. Erroneous, illegitimate or tampered data will lead to incorrect decisions and will be posing a huge threat to future strong cross-linked added value networks. An approach to tackle this issue comes from a technology called distributed ledger technology with its most known variant the “blockchain”. Certain properties of blockchain technology are showing promising enhancements for industrial networks primarily in order to guarantee digital trust. In this paper, issues like the ability to scale and the adaption onto the requirements of industrial networks are investigated. It turns out that simulation approaches must be taken into consideration, and a first step for an implementation is presented.

Modelling and automatic mapping of cyber security requirements for industrial applications: Survey, problem exposition, and research focus

Abstract: The rapid process of digitalisation has an advanced impact on the industrial automation and manufacturing domain. In order to support all the upcoming technologies and paradigm changes in a future-proof way the Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) is presently developed in Germany. The requirements, such as Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for communication systems, network management, and Safety & Security, towards the Factories of the Future (FoF) are constantly increasing. The currently approached solution contains the concept of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) as a general information storage and exchange point for all possible industrial assets. In consequence, the AAS needs a universal modelling concept of all mandatory information to set up the basis for automatic configuration abilities, which are desired in the Industrie 4.0 (I4.0) visions. Nevertheless, especially in the area of cyber security, which was neglected in the past and has gained a lot of attention nowadays, these modelling concepts are still missing. Therefore, this paper will provide an overview about the ongoing progress in this area, describe the related work, and outline the impending research containing a first concept for the desired Unified Security Modelling Metric (USMM).

Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation

Abstract: ion models for 5G mobile networks integration into industrial networks and their evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Arne Neumann, Lukasz Wisniewski, Torsten Musiol, Christian Mannweiler, Borislava Gajic, Rakash SivaSiva Ganesan, Peter Rost Anforderungen an die 5G-Kommunikation für die Automatisierung in vertikalen Domänen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Michael Bahr, Joachim Walewski Optimierung eines Funksystems für hybride kaskadierte Netzwerke in der Fertigungsautomation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Lisa Underberg, Rüdiger Kays, Steven Dietrich How Device-to-Device Communication can be used to Support an Industrial Mobile Network Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Tobias Striffler, Nicola Michailow, Michael Bahr, Hans D. Schotten Hardwarearchitektur eines latenzoptimierten drahtlosen Kommunikationssystems für den industriellen Mobilfunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Ludwig Karsthof, Mingjie Hao, Jochen Rust, Johannes Demel, Carsten Bockelmann, Armin Dekorsy, Stefan Meyering, Jasper Siemons, Ahmad Al Houry, Fabian Mackenthun, Steffen Paul Praxisbericht: Implementierung von TSN-Endpunkten im industriellen Umfeld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Marvin Büchter, Sebastian Wolf Ethernet TSN Nano Profil – Migrationshelfer vom industriellen Brownfield zum Ethernet TSN-basierten IIoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Sebastian Schriegel, Alexander Biendarra, Thomas Kobzan, Ludwig Leurs, Jürgen Jasperneite Sichere Benutzerauthentifizierung mit mobilen Endgeräten in industriellen Anwendungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Andreas Schmelter, Oliver Konradi, Stefan Heiss A comparative evaluation of security mechanisms in DDS, TLS and DTLS 201 Maxim Friesen, Gajasri Karthikeyan, Stefan Heiss, Lukasz Wisniewski, Henning Trsek Modeling Security Requirements and Controls for an Automated Deployment of Industrial IT Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Martin Gergeleit, Henning Trsek, Till Eisert, Marco Ehrlich Self-Configuring Safety Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Dieter Etz, Thomas Frühwirth, Wolfgang Kastner Plug&Produce durch Software-defined Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Thomas Kobzan, Alexander Boschmann, Simon Althoff, Immanuel Blöcher, Sebastian Schriegel, Jan Stefan Michels, Jürgen Jasperneite Anforderungstaxonomie für industrielle Cloud Infrastrukturen durch Internet of Thingsund Big Data-Applikationen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Kornelia Schuba, Carsten Pieper, Sebastian Schriegel, Khaled Al-Gumaei Aspects of testing when introducing 5G technologies into industrial automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Sarah Willmann, Lutz Rauchhaupt Image Processing in Automation Deep Learning as Substitute for CRF Regularization in 3D Image Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Daniel Soukup, Svorad Štolc, Petra Thanner X

Assistance system to support troubleshooting of complex industrial systems

Abstract: In ever changing world, the industrial systems become more and more complex. Machine feedback in the form of alarms and notifications, due to its growing volume, becomes overwhelming for the operator. In addition, expectations in relation to system availability are growing as well. Therefore, there exists strong need for new solutions guaranteeing fast troubleshooting of problems that arise during system operation. The approach proposed in this study uses advantages of the Asset Administration Shell, machine learning, and human-machine interaction in order to create the assistance system which holistically addresses the issue of troubleshooting complex industrial systems.

Leveraging OPC-UA discovery by software-defined networking and network function virtualization

Abstract: The discovery process of OPC Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) is well defined but lacks flexibility when implemented in large networks. While the standard provides concepts for local and global discovery services, the core assumption is that all clients and servers are aware of the discovery server(s) in the network. This dependency is a barrier for Plug-and-Play installations and is overcome by self announces via the multicast Domain Name System (mDNS), however, this scales badly with an increasing number of network nodes and deployed servers. We propose a discovery approach based on Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), that installs a plug-and-play mechanism for global OPC-UA discovery in modern virtualized networks.

Analysis of industrial production environments and derivation of a novel channel model towards optical wireless communication

Abstract: Today radio based wireless communication technologies offer limited performance, whereas optical wireless com- munication systems (OWC) propose potentially a high performant, scalable communication system conforming to real time conditions. However, current studies imply, that OWCs still lack the necessary performance and robustness level for most wireless applications in industrial production environments. In this approach several types of noises for free-space optical communication systems are empirically analysed in an accredited, exemplary industrial production environment. While the channel noise is usually modelled by the signal to noise ratio it is found that real environments cannot be approximated by the usual static additive white gaussian noise. In this approach the accumulated measurement data represents the spectrum variation of different locations and times relating to different types of noise sources. The implementation in a total channel model allows the optimization of OWC designs like the channel access scheme or the modulation type concerning performance and robustness. Furthermore an additional measurement setup is proposed, capable of measuring and classifying existing noise sources in order to serve the design of OWC systems in industrial production environments.

Funktionale Sicherheit von autonomen Transportsystemen in flexiblen I4.0 Fertigungsumgebungen

Abstract: Zur Erhohung der Wirtschaftlichkeit und Nachhaltigkeit bei der Produktion von kleinen Losgrosen (Produktionsmargen) ist die Steigerung der Wiederverwertbarkeit von Produktionsmitteln erforderlich. Aus dieser Situation entsteht das Streben nach mehr Modularitat und dynamischen Fertigungsstrukturen gegenuber heutigen starr verketteten Produktionslinien. Damit muss auch der Materialtransport dynamischer und kleinteiliger werden. Dieser Anforderung kann z. B. mit autonomen Transportsystemen begegnet werden. In diesem Beitrag wird die Maschinensicherheit bzw. funktionale Sicherheit im Zusammenhang mit flexiblen Transportsystemen betrachtet. Im Fokus steht die Absicherung, dass fur sich „eigensichere“ Maschinen, Produkte und Transportsysteme auch in Kombination sicher betrieben werden konnen. Als Losung wurde ein Echtzeit-Safety-Management-Service vorgeschlagen und untersucht. Dieser ermoglicht eine kontinuierliche Sicherstellung der Maschinensicherheit durch eine (teil-)automatisierte Risikobeurteilung und eine Anpassung der Safety Masnahmen.

Übertragbarkeit des Plug&Play-Prinzips aus der Informationstechnik auf die Automatisierungstechnik

Abstract: Die Inbetriebnahme von Automatisierungssystemen auf der Feldebene ist untrennbar mit einem hohen manuellen Konfigurationsaufwand verbunden: Feldgerate mussen in die Steuerungsapplikation integriert werden und die zur Vernetzung zwischen Feld- und Steuerungsebene eingesetzten Kommunikationssysteme mussen parametriert werden. In der Informationstechnik gibt es ahnliche Problemstellungen: So mussen Peripheriegerate uber einen Kommunikationsbus an einen PC angeschlossen werden oder in einem Heimnetz verteilte Gerate mussen miteinander interagieren. Hierzu gibt es etablierte Ansatze wie USB oder UPnP, welche dem Endanwender ein “Plug&Play” bieten, sodass er sich im Idealfall mit keinerlei Konfigurationsarbeiten befassen muss. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, wie “Plug&Play” (PnP) im Bereich der Informationstechnik realisiert wird und ob und ggf. wie sich diese Mechanismen auf die Automatisierungstechnik ubertragen lassen.

Modellbasierter Entwurfsassistent zur Auslegung Spezifischer Architektur- und Konfigurationseigenschaften von Kommunikationsnetzen mit Echtzeitanforderungen

Abstract: Industrielle Netzwerke werden immer komplexer durch den Einsatz neuer Technologien wie Time Sensitive Networking (TSN). Die Anforderungen werden zudem verscharft durch sich andernde gesetzliche Vorgaben wie z.B. bei Smart Grids. Planer solcher Netzwerke haben haufig spezifische Echtzeitanforderungen, Datenraten und Redundanzanforderungen zu beachten, deren Realisierung u.a. abhangig sind von der Leistungsfahigkeit und der Topologie des Netzwerkes. Designalternativen sollten daher quantitativ bewertbar sein, um individuelle Planungsaspekte erweiterbar sein und eine generelle Anwendbarkeit aufweisen. Da diese Kriterien aktuell von keinem verfugbaren Planungswerkzeug erfullt werden, wurde in diesem Beitrag mit Hilfe von Matlab Simulink® ein generisches und skalierbares Modell von Netzwerkkomponenten erstellt. Diese Komponenten konnen parametriert und in einer anwendungsnahen Topologie kombiniert werden. Leistungsqualifizierende Parameter wie die Echtzeitfahigkeit, Auslastung der Komponenten, Ausfallsicherheit und die Topologie wurden zur Bewertung von Designszenarien eines beispielhaften Windparks herangezogen. Eine Erweiterung des Modells ermoglicht es daruberhinausgehend die Auswirkungen von zukunftigen Technologien, wie z.B. TSN zu analysieren.

Reliability-oriented multipath communication for internet-based cyber-physical systems

Abstract: The Internet represents a cost-effective solution to realize the communications for Cyber-physical Systems (CPSs) that span large geographical areas. However, the reliability of today's Internet is inadequate to support, for example, smart grid applications with reliability requirements of 99–99.9999%. Therefore, the Reliable Multipath Communication for Internet-based CPSs (RC4CPS) approach was proposed. Unlike previous works, it supports such demanding applications. Nevertheless, it still lacks a protocol implementation to utilize it. Existing multipath protocols for the Internet such as Multipath TCP cannot be utilized directly for such applications. This is due to a number of reasons including the throughput-oriented nature of the protocols. In this paper, RC4CPS is integrated into the Parallel Redundancy Protocol for IP Networks (iPRP) to develop an easy-to-deploy reliability-oriented multipath protocol for Internet-based CPSs. The resulting protocol, called iPRP-RC4CPS, extends the original iPRP implementation to be used in the Internet and provides a dynamic multipath selection to cope with the varying nature of Internet paths. The obtained results show that iPRP-RC4CPS maintained 100% reliability during the evaluation interval.

Automatische Evaluierung von Anforderungen bezüglich der Informationssicherheit für das zukünftige industrielle Netzwerkmanagement

Abstract: Die ganzheitliche Digitalisierung wirkt sich auch auf die Prozesse in der industriellen Produktionslandschaft aus. Die derzeitigen heterogenen Architekturen, bestehend aus drahtgebundenen und drahtlosen Technologien bzw. Protokollen, bringen neue Anforderungen an ein zukunftssicheres Netzwerkmanagement. Daher werden neue Ansatze zur Sicherstellung und Uberwachung von Quality of Service (QoS) Parametern benotigt. Das eng damit verbundene Thema der Informationssicherheit ist in der Vergangenheit allerdings weitgehend ignoriert worden. Dennoch steigen die Aufmerksamkeit und das Interesse daran, da es vermehrt Berichte uber sicherheitsrelevante Vorfalle, wie Industriespionage oder die gezielte Manipulation von industriellen Produktionssystemen, gibt. In diesem Bereich sind bereits verschiedene Standards und Richtlinien zur Absicherung industrieller Anlagen verfugbar, die jedoch hauptsachlich zyklisch, statisch und manuell durchgefuhrt werden mussen. Die vorgeschlagene Losung bietet einen dynamischen, maschinenlesbaren, automatischen und zukunftssicheren Ansatz zur Modellierung und Verarbeitung von Anforderungen bezuglich der Informationssicherheit fur das industrielle Netzwerkmanagement.