Justin Bahl

TL;DR: It is shown that the new swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in Mexico and the United States was derived from several viruses circulating in swine, and that the initial transmission to humans occurred several months before recognition of the outbreak.

TL;DR: The results indicate that genetic components of the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus circulated in mammalian hosts as early as 1911 and was not likely to be a recently introduced avian virus, and mean estimates of the time of most recent common ancestor suggest that the H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains may have been generated through reassortment events in unknown mammalian hosts and involved multiple avian viruses preceding pandemic recognition.

TL;DR: These findings demonstrate a distinctive viral RNA–host protein interaction to evade the innate immune response for increased epidemiological fitness.

TL;DR: The study demonstrates that the long-term cocirculation of multiple virus lineages in different types of poultry has facilitated the frequent reassortment events that are mostly responsible for the current great genetic diversity in H9N2 and H5N1 influenza viruses in this region.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify the epidemiological, genetic and antigenic dynamics of SwIV in Hong Kong using a data set of more than 650 swIV isolates and more than 800 swine sera from 12 years of systematic surveillance in this region, supplemented with data stretching back 34 years.