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Author

K. Annamalai

Bio: K. Annamalai is an academic researcher from Madras Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Diesel engine & Diesel fuel. The author has an hindex of 19, co-authored 63 publications receiving 1649 citations. Previous affiliations of K. Annamalai include Anna University & Indian Space Research Organisation.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of using cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticle as additive in Lemongrass Oil (LGO) emulsion fuel was experimentally investigated in a single cylinder, constant speed diesel engine.

226 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2012-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the combined effect of varying injection pressure and combustion chamber geometries on the combustion, performance and exhaust emissions, using a blend of 20% POME (pongamia oil methyl ester) by volume in diesel were evaluated.

195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel plant-based biofuel, namely Cymbopogon flexuous biofuel was identified, which has excellent fuel properties and is widely available in India and it seems to have the potential to make India selfsufficient in energy production.
Abstract: Researchers all around the world are making strenuous efforts to find alternative fuel to ameliorate the problem of depletion of fossil fuel. we have identified a novel plant based biofuel, namely Cymbopogon flexuous biofuel. It has excellent fuel properties and is widely available in India and it seems to have the potential to make India self-sufficient in energy production. Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using sol–gel combustion methods. Their structural, morphological and elemental properties were studied with the help of XRD, SEM, TEM and EDS respectively. On volume basis, 20% raw Cymbopogon flexuous biofuel was blended with diesel fuel, and various proportions of Cerium oxide nanoparticles, namely C20-D80 + 10 ppm, C20-D80 + 20 ppm andC20-D80 + 30 ppm were prepared. The properties like density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value of the test fuel were measured as per ASTM standards and compared with those of diesel fuel. An experimental study of its performance, emission, and combustion behavior was conducted at varied load conditions at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. NO x and smoke emission was simultaneously reduced by 3% and 6.6% respectively as compared with biofuel blend. Due to higher thermal stability and oxygen buffer of Cerium oxide nanoparticle the brake thermal efficiency was higher by 4.76% and cylinder pressure and heat release rate was also higher.

153 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental analysis of a new biofuel feedstock as an alternative fuel that has not drawn much attention among the researchers is discussed about the experimental analyses of Cymbopogon flexuosus feedstock.

138 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the history of biodiesel development and production practices and compared the effect of use of bio-diesel fuel on engine power, fuel consumption and thermal efficiency with that of conventional diesel fuel.
Abstract: Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesels offer a very promising alternative to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Biodiesel is defined as a transesterified renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils or animal fats with properties similar or better than diesel fuel. Extensive research and demonstration projects have shown it can be used pure or in blends with conventional diesel fuel in unmodified diesel engines. This paper reviews the history of biodiesel development and production practices. Fuel-related properties are reviewed and compared with those of conventional diesel fuel. The effect of use of biodiesel fuel on engine power, fuel consumption and thermal efficiency are collected and analyzed with that of conventional diesel fuel. In the subsequent section, the engine emissions from biodiesel and diesel fuels are compared, paying special attention to the most significant emissions such as nitric oxides and particulate matter.

130 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided the substantial information on biodiesel to the researchers, engineers and policy makers, and concluded that biodiesel has the potential to be used as a diesel fuel substitute in diesel engines to solve the energy and environment crisis.
Abstract: Due to the finite stock of fossil fuels and its negative impact on the environment, many countries across the world are now leaning toward renewable sources energies like solar energy, wind energy, biofuel, hydropower, geothermal and ocean energy to ensure energy for the countries development security. Biodiesel is one kind of biofuel that is renewable, biodegradable and has similar properties of fossil diesel fuel. The aim of this paper is to provide the substantial information on biodiesel to the researchers, engineers and policy makers. To achieve the goal, this paper summarizes the information on biofuel development, feedstocks around the world, oil extraction technic, biodiesel production processes. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss the advantages of biodiesel compared to fossil fuel. Finally, the combustion behavior of biodiesel in an internal combustion engine is discussed and it will help the researchers and policy maker and manufacturer. To determine the future and goal of automotive technology the study found that, feedstock selection for biodiesel production is very important as it associates 75% production cost. Moreover, the test of fuel properties is very important before using in the engine which depends on the type of feedstocks, origin country, and production process. Most of the researchers reported that the use of biodiesel in diesel engine reduces engine power slightly but reduces the harmful emission significantly. Finally, the study concludes that biodiesel has the potential to be used as a diesel fuel substitute in diesel engines to solve the energy and environment crisis.

467 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of using higher alcohols ranging from 3-carbon propanol to 20-carbon phytol on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a wide range of diesel engines under various test conditions.
Abstract: Biofuels have grabbed the attention of engine researchers ever since the oil-crisis and escalating costs of petro-chemicals cropped up in the ׳70s. Ethanol and methanol were the most widely researched alcohols in IC engines. However, the last decade has witnessed significant amount of research in higher alcohols due to the development of modern fermentation processes using engineered micro-organisms that improved yield. Higher alcohols are attractive second/third generation biofuels that can be produced from sugary, starchy and ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstocks using sustainable pathways. The present work reviews the current literature concerning the effects of using higher alcohols ranging from 3-carbon propanol to 20-carbon phytol on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a wide range of diesel engines under various test conditions. The literature is abound with evidence that higher alcohols reduce carcinogenic particulate emissions that are prevalent in diesel engines. NOx emissions either increased or decreased based on the domination of either cetane number or heat of evaporation. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the engine usually suffered due to low energy content of alcohols. A notable feature is that the combination of higher alcohols (like butanol or pentanol), high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates and late injection timing enabled low temperature combustion (LTC) in diesel engines that can simultaneously reduce smoke and NOx emissions with improved engine efficiency. It can be concluded that higher alcohols reduce smoke emissions with their fuel-borne oxygen; enhance air/fuel mixing by offering long ignition delay and eventually replace fossil diesel (partially or wholly) to enable a clean and efficient combustion in compression-ignition engines. The chief thrust areas include developing mutant strains with higher yield, higher tolerance to toxic inhibition and low-cost substrates for fermentation. Further work is required in stipulating optimum blend-fuel characteristics and ensuring the long-term durability of the engines using these fuels.

454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the fuel properties of methanol, ethanol and butanol compared with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel and concluded that butanol is a better alternative for diesel fuel due to its superior fuel properties and miscibility with diesel fuel.
Abstract: The increasing energy demand, surging oil prices, depleting oil reserves and environmental pollution problems associated with the use of fossil fuels have sparked renewed interest to find out clean alternative fuels. Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol are competitive alternative fuels due to their liquid nature, high oxygen contents, high octane number and their production from renewable biomass. In this review, the fuel properties of these alcohols are compared with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. The comparison of fuel properties represents that butanol has the potential to overcome the problems associated with the use of methanol and ethanol. Progresses of their production from different sources are also introduced. Further, several techniques such as alcohol–diesel fuel blends and alcohol–diesel fuel emulsions are discussed, especially for lower alcohols, in order to use them in diesel engines. The effects of diesel–alcohol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of diesel engines are also analyzed. It is examined that blending of alcohols, along with some CN improver, to diesel fuels can reduce diesel engine emissions without adverse impacts on the performance of diesel engines. These studies also reveal that butanol is a better alternative for diesel fuel due to its superior fuel properties and miscibility with diesel fuel than those of methanol and ethanol. Finally, some critical conclusions and future research directions are highlighted.

372 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the literature from most recent articles on nanoparticles as a liquid fuel additive and discussed the effect of dispersion of several nanoparticles on the enhancement in the performance characteristics and reduction in emission of a CI engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel blends.

311 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2019-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, the combined effect of nano additives, combustion chamber geometry and injection timing in a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with ternary fuel (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) blends is investigated.

307 citations