Author
K.C. Divya
Other affiliations: Siemens, Princeton University, Technical University of Denmark
Bio: K.C. Divya is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Science. The author has contributed to research in topics: Electric power system & Distributed generation. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 8 publications receiving 1852 citations. Previous affiliations of K.C. Divya include Siemens & Princeton University.
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the present status of battery energy storage technology and methods of assessing their economic viability and impact on power system operation and suggest a likely future outlook for the battery technologies and the electric hybrid vehicles in the context of power system applications.
1,627 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed models of various types of wind turbine generating units (WTGU) used as distributed generation (DG) sources and demonstrated their application for steady state analysis.
176 citations
01 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give an overview of future development trends of PV inverters and propose new requirements for next generation photovoltaic (PV) panels under smart grid and/or microgrid environments.
Abstract: Solar energy is under push to reach “grid parity” without additional subsidies and favorable policies. While cost and reliability are major concerns for both photovoltaic (PV) panels and PV inverters, comparable or exceeded grid functions and power quality can further help solar power become competitive to conventional generation technologies in the wholesale electricity market. This paper gives an overview of future development trends of PV inverters and proposes new requirements for next generation PV inverters under smart grid and/or microgrid environments. Approaches to address these requirements are also discussed from the research methodology perspectives. The goal of this paper is to draw the interests of the industry and academia in the new technical challenges of next generation smart PV inverters in addition to the “dollar per watt” overall PV system cost target.
150 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simulation model for AGC studies of hydro-hydro systems has been proposed by ignoring the difference in frequency between control areas, unlike the traditional approach, where in each area is assumed to operate at a different frequency.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of voltage and frequency variation on the power output of the stall-and pitch-regulated fixed speed as well as the variable-speed wind-turbine generators was investigated.
Abstract: This article presents a study of the effect of voltage and frequency variation on the power output of the stall- and pitch-regulated fixed speed as well as the variable-speed wind-turbine generators (WGs). This study has been carried out using the steady-state model of each of these types of WGs. Each of these models facilitates the computation of the power output of the corresponding WG for a given voltage and frequency, considering the steady-state characteristics of the wind turbine, generator, and the controllers (where present). Simulation studies have been carried out to investigate the impact of frequency variation at nominal voltage and also the combined voltage and frequency variation.
32 citations
Cited by
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TL;DR: Graphene and related two-dimensional crystals and hybrid systems showcase several key properties that can address emerging energy needs, in particular for the ever growing market of portable and wearable energy conversion and storage devices.
Abstract: Graphene and related two-dimensional crystals and hybrid systems showcase several key properties that can address emerging energy needs, in particular for the ever growing market of portable and wearable energy conversion and storage devices. Graphene's flexibility, large surface area, and chemical stability, combined with its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, make it promising as a catalyst in fuel and dye-sensitized solar cells. Chemically functionalized graphene can also improve storage and diffusion of ionic species and electric charge in batteries and supercapacitors. Two-dimensional crystals provide optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties complementing those of graphene, enabling the realization of ultrathin-film photovoltaic devices or systems for hydrogen production. Here, we review the use of graphene and related materials for energy conversion and storage, outlining the roadmap for future applications.
2,850 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive and clear picture of the state-of-the-art technologies available, and where they would be suited for integration into a power generation and distribution system is provided in this article.
2,790 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate a highly reversible zinc/manganese oxide system in which optimal mild aqueous ZnSO4-based solution is used as the electrolyte, and nanofibres of a manganese oxide phase, α-MnO2, are used as a cathode.
Abstract: Rechargeable aqueous batteries such as alkaline zinc/manganese oxide batteries are highly desirable for large-scale energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety; however, cycling stability is a major issue for their applications. Here we demonstrate a highly reversible zinc/manganese oxide system in which optimal mild aqueous ZnSO4-based solution is used as the electrolyte, and nanofibres of a manganese oxide phase, α-MnO2, are used as the cathode. We show that a chemical conversion reaction mechanism between α-MnO2 and H+ is mainly responsible for the good performance of the system. This includes an operating voltage of 1.44 V, a capacity of 285 mAh g−1 (MnO2), and capacity retention of 92% over 5,000 cycles. The Zn metal anode also shows high stability. This finding opens new opportunities for the development of low-cost, high-performance rechargeable aqueous batteries. Rechargeable aqueous batteries are attractive owing to their relatively low cost and safety. Here the authors report an aqueous zinc/manganese oxide battery that operates via a conversion reaction mechanism and exhibits a long-term cycling stability.
1,965 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the existing literature in the analysis of life cycle costs of utility-scale electricity storage systems, providing an updated database for the cost elements (capital costs, operational and maintenance costs, and replacement costs).
Abstract: Large-scale deployment of intermittent renewable energy (namely wind energy and solar PV) may entail new challenges in power systems and more volatility in power prices in liberalized electricity markets. Energy storage can diminish this imbalance, relieving the grid congestion, and promoting distributed generation. The economic implications of grid-scale electrical energy storage technologies are however obscure for the experts, power grid operators, regulators, and power producers. A meticulous techno-economic or cost-benefit analysis of electricity storage systems requires consistent, updated cost data and a holistic cost analysis framework. To this end, this study critically examines the existing literature in the analysis of life cycle costs of utility-scale electricity storage systems, providing an updated database for the cost elements (capital costs, operational and maintenance costs, and replacement costs). Moreover, life cycle costs and levelized cost of electricity delivered by electrical energy storage is analyzed, employing Monte Carlo method to consider uncertainties. The examined energy storage technologies include pumped hydropower storage, compressed air energy storage (CAES), flywheel, electrochemical batteries (e.g. lead–acid, NaS, Li-ion, and Ni–Cd), flow batteries (e.g. vanadium-redox), superconducting magnetic energy storage, supercapacitors, and hydrogen energy storage (power to gas technologies). The results illustrate the economy of different storage systems for three main applications: bulk energy storage, T&D support services, and frequency regulation.
1,279 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of several energy storage technologies for wind power applications is presented, where the main objectives of the article are the introduction of the operating principles, as well as the presentation of the main characteristics of ESS technologies suitable for stationary applications, and the definition and discussion of potential ESS applications in wind power according to an extensive literature review.
Abstract: Due to the stochastic nature of wind, electric power generated by wind turbines is highly erratic and may affect both the power quality and the planning of power systems. Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) may play an important role in wind power applications by controlling wind power plant output and providing ancillary services to the power system and therefore, enabling an increased penetration of wind power in the system. This article deals with the review of several energy storage technologies for wind power applications. The main objectives of the article are the introduction of the operating principles, as well as the presentation of the main characteristics of energy storage technologies suitable for stationary applications, and the definition and discussion of potential ESS applications in wind power, according to an extensive literature review.
1,268 citations