K. Jayaram Udupa

Bio: K. Jayaram Udupa is an academic researcher from State University of New York System. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cardinal direction & Object (grammar). The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 48 citations.

Homomorphic Analysis and Modeling of ECG Signals

Abstract: Homomorphic analysis and pole-zero modeling of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are presented in this paper. Four typical ECG signals are considered and deconvolved into their minimum and maximum phase components through cepstral filtering, with a view to study the possibility of more efficient feature selection from the component signals for diagnostic purposes. The complex cepstra of the signals are linearly filtered to extract the basic wavelet and the excitation function. The ECG signals are, in general, mixed phase and hence, exponential weighting is done to aid deconvolution of the signals. The basic wavelet for normal ECG approximates the action potential of the muscle fiber of the heart and the excitation function corresponds to the excitation pattern of the heart muscles during a cardiac cycle. The ECG signals and their components are pole-zero modeled and the pole-zero pattern of the models can give a clue to classify the normal and abnormal signals. Besides, storing only the parameters of the model can result in a data reduction of more than 3:1 for normal signals sampled at a moderate 128 samples/s.

Machine Visualization of Three-Dimensional Objects via Skeletal Transformations

Abstract: Computer simulation of one aspect of the human visual perceptual capabilities, viz., the ability to visualize object views that result from known rotations of familiar objects is considered. The objects considered are composed of long, thin, and narrow rectangular prisms connected at their ends. From the digitized binary picture of the line drawing portraying a given three-dimensional object a description is generated in terms of a set of "cardinal points" (which are key points occurring at the bends and open ends of the object) and a set of direction vectors associated with them. The skeleton for the given view is obtained as an ordered sequence of "slope-code" numbers by tracking between the cardinal points. A set of transformations is defined on the sequence and the direction vectors to get the skeleton of the view that results from rotation. From a knowledge of the transformed direction vectors the machine builds up faces around the bends and ends of the skeleton to complete the new view. As far as machine visualization is concerned, it is shown that object rotations of only integer multiples of ?/2 need be considered.

A Method for Evaluation of QRS Shape Features Using a Mathematical Model for the ECG

Abstract: Automated classification of ECG patterns is facilitated by careful selection of waveform features This paper presents a method for evaluating the properties of features that describe the shape of a QRS complex By examining the distances in the feature space for a class of nearly similar complexes, shape transitions which are poorly described by the feature under investigation can be readily identified To obtain a continuous range of waveforms, which is required by the method, a mathematical model is used to simulate the QRS complexes

Prolymphocytic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Abstract: This report describes eight patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia whose disease became more aggressive over a variable period of time. This clinical progression was associated with a change in cell morphology from small lymphocytes to an increasing number of large transformed lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. In the peripheral blood, the predominant large cell was a prolymphocyte. The small lymphocytes and the prolymphocytes had identical cell surface markers in each patient. However, the prolymphocytes had a greater density of surface immunoglobulin than did the same lymphocytes. No features were found that help predict in which patients CLL will convert to a more aggressive form. Once transformation has taken place, however, there appears to be a correlation between the number of prolymphocytes in the blood and patient survival. It is suggested that the entities of prolymphocytic transformation of CLL, prolymphocytic leukemia, and Richter's syndrome are less distinct than has been thought previously. These disorders probably represent several phases of transformation of the same cell type, and they may be examples of different stages in the natural history of CLL.

Analysis of ECG from pole-zero models

Abstract: A complete solution for the delineation of the ECG signal into its component waves is proposed from a system theoretic point of view. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) of a bell-shaped biphasic function is approximated mathematically by a system function with two poles and two zeros, i.e., of order

One Biologist's View of Morphometrics

Abstract: and many different ways in which the results may be used within systematics and evolutionary biology. The methods range from the use of a measurement and univariate statistics, to holographic techniques. The forms to be characterized may be the external dimensions of some simple biological object, the complex internal patterns revealed by such methods as dissection and radiography, or the complicated and multidimensional "structure" of data relevant to a biological problem. Problems of systematics and evolution may be attacked through straightforward descriptions of organisms on the one hand, or, on the other, through elucidation of the conceptual patterns associated with ontogenetic, genetic, phylogenetic, functional, environmental, populational, geographic, and other issues. At the beginning of the century when the science of morphometrics was still in its infancy, Karl Pearson prophesied that "Twenty years hence our successors, working by improved methods and with better training, will no doubt reach fitter definitions and more exact values for vital coefficients." He added that by this time, morphometric methods will not "have to justify themselves to a non-mathematical biological world; mathematical knowledge will seem to be as much a part of the biologist's equipment as today of the physicist." Yet in spite of what may appear to be an enormous spate of papers using morphometric approaches, seventy years later it is still scarcely appropriate to review the contributions of morphometric techniques to biological thought. Many of the

Computer Vision Techniques for Industrial Applications and Robot Control

Abstract: robots that \"see\" and \"feel\" can perform more complex tasks, industry has employed various computer vision techniques to enhance the abilities of intelligent machines. The recent widespread interest in robotics and automation in the US originates from American industry's most fundamental problem: a staggering drop in productivity. From 1947 to 1965, US productivity increased at an average rate of 3.4 percent a year. The growth rate decreased to 2.3 percent in the following decade, then dropped to below one percent in the late 1970's and down to-0.9 percent in 1980. Japan's productivity growth, the contrasting example most often cited in the literature, has been climbing at an average annual rate of about 7.3 percent. ' Although there are many ways to influence manufacturing productivity and product quality-regulatory, fiscal, and social-the emphasis in the following discussion is technological. In particular, we are interested in the computer vision aspects of industrial inspection and robot control. The principal motivation behind computer vision is increased flexibility and lower cost. The use of sensing technology to endow-a machine with a greater degree of \"intelligence\" in dealing with its environment is receiving increased attention. A robot that can \"see\" and \"feel\" should be easier to train in the performance of complex tasks while at the same time requiring less stringent control mechanisms than preprogrammed machines. A sensory, trainable system is also adaptable to a much larger variety of tasks, thus achieving a degree of universality that ultimately translates into lower production and maintenance costs. The computer vision process can be divided into five principal areas: sensing, segmentation, description, recognition , and interpretation. These categories are suggested to a large extent by the way computer vision systems are generally implemented. It is not implied that human vision and reasoning can be so neatly subdivided nor that these processes are carried out independently of each other. For instance, we can logically assume that recognition and interpretation are highly interrelated functions in a human. These relationships, however, are not yet understood to the point where they can be mod-eled analytically. Thus, the subdivision of functions discussed below can be viewed as a practical (albeit limited) approach for implementing state-of-the-art computer vision systems, given our level of understanding and the analytical tools currently available in this field. Visual sensing Imaging devices. Visual information is converted to electrical signals by visual sensors. The most commonly used visual sensors are vidicon cameras …