Microwave assisted organic synthesis-a review

Microwave assisted organic reactions

Claisen rearrangement over the past nine decades.

Conventional methods for carrying out carbon–hydrogen functionalization and carbon–nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon–hydrogen functionalization and carbon–nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.

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Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation.

Microwave, ultrasound, sunlight and mechanochemical mixing can be used to augment conventional laboratory techniques. By applying these alternative means of activation, a number of chemical transformations have been achieved thereby improving many existing protocols with superior results when compared to reactions performed under traditional conditions. The purpose of this critical review is to highlight the advances in this general area by presenting such newer applications in organic synthesis (175 references).

K. K. Balasubramanian

Papers

Studies in Claisen rearragement a novel depropargylative cyclisation of N-propargyl-2-(propargylthio)-benzimidazole

A Facile and Stereoselective Synthesis of Arylethers of Vicinal Bromohydrins by Mitsunobu Reaction

Trifluoroacetic acid catalysed [1,3]-rearrangement of aryl 2-halocyclohexenylmethyl ethers

Trifluoroacetic acid catalyzed and thermal rearrangement ofα- aryloxymethyl cinnamic acids.

Investigations on Mitsunobu reaction of 5-norbornen-2-ols