Synthesis, optimization and applications of ZnO/polymer nanocomposites.

The study and exploration of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MMIMO) and millimeter-wave wireless access technology has been spurred by a shortage of bandwidth in the wireless communication sector. Massive MIMO, which combines antennas at the transmitter and receiver, is a key enabler technology for next-generation networks to enable exceptional spectrum and energy efficiency with simple processing techniques. For massive MIMOs, the lower band microwave or millimeter-wave band and the antenna are impeccably combined with RF transceivers. As a result, the 5G wireless communication antenna differs from traditional antennas in many ways. A new concept of the MIMO tri-band hexagonal antenna array is being introduced for next-generation cellular networks. With a total scaling dimension of 150 × 75 mm2, the structure consists of multiple hexagonal fractal antenna components at different corners of the patch. The radiating patch resonates at 2.55–2.75, 3.45–3.7, and 5.65–6.05 GHz (FR1 band) for better return loss (S11) of more than 15 dB in all three operating bands. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding technique and defective ground structure in the ground plane have been employed for effective impedance matching. The deviation of the main lobe of the radiation pattern is achieved using a two-element microstrip Taylor antenna array with series feeding, which also boosts the antenna array’s bandwidth and minimizes sidelobe. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated, and tested in far-field radiating conditions and generates tri-band S-parameters with sufficient separation and high-quality double-polarized radiation. The fabrication and testing of MIMO antennas were completed, where the measurement results matched the simulation results. In addition, the 5G smartphone antenna system requires a new, lightweight phased microwave antenna (μ-wave) with wide bandwidth and a fire extender. Because of its decent performance and compact architectures, the proposed smartphone antenna array architecture is a better entrant for upcoming 5G cellular implementations.

A Novel Approach of Design and Analysis of a Hexagonal Fractal Antenna Array (HFAA) for Next-Generation Wireless Communication

In this article, an ultrawide band inscribed triangle circular fractal antenna is presented. The antenna has been designed on FR4 substrate dielectric constant ɛ r  = 4.3 and thickness of substrate 1.53 mm with initial dimension of 30 mm diameter. The experimental result of fractal antenna exhibits the excellent ultra bandwidth from 2.25 GHz to 15 GHz corresponds to 147.83% impedance bandwidth at VSWR 2:1. This ultrawide band characteristcs of antenna has been achieved by using the CPW-fed and fractal concept. The measured radiation pattern of fractal antenna is nealy omnidirectional in azimuth plane and bidirectional in elevation plane. The measured group delay of proposed antenna is almost constant throughout the band. Such type of antenna is very useful for UWB communication system.

On the design of inscribed triangle circular fractal antenna for UWB applications

This paper premeditates an optimal design of fractal antenna with modified ground structure for wideband applications. The proposed antenna has been designed by taking numerous iterations started from 0th to 3rd. To attain the wideband characteristics, the partial ground plane has been introduced in the 3rd iteration, and the length of the ground plane has been varied to enhance the bandwidth. The maximum value of bandwidth has been adorned in the final iteration as 1.88 and 0.20 GHz. Further, this bandwidth has been improved and embellished as 2.48 GHz within the frequency range of 3–6 GHz by employing horizontal and vertical extensions in the partial ground plane. Antenna is simulated by using HFSS and performance parameters of antenna like return loss (S11 ≤ − 10 dB), gain and radiation efficiency are in the acceptable limits. The maximum value of gain is reported as 5.1 dB and radiation pattern is also omnidirectional. The proposed antenna is useful for the wireless applications as WiMAX (3.4–3.69 GHz) and WLAN (5.15–5.35 and 5.72–5.82 GHz) Simulated and experimental results are also juxtaposed and found in good agreement with each other.

An Optimal Design of Fractal Antenna with Modified Ground Structure for Wideband Applications

The electromagnetic shielding materials effectively shield the interference of electromagnetic waves and reduce its various harmful effects on wildlife and human beings. Therefore, electromagnetic shielding has attracted much attention to...

Recent Advancements in Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance of Nanostructured Materials and their Nanocomposites: A Review

This paper presents the hexagonal microstrip fractal antenna (HMSFA) for ultra wideband wireless communication applications. Hexagonal antenna is powered through co-planar waveguide (CPW) feed structure. The stepping fed configuration is used to improve the antenna electrical characteristics at the centre and higher frequencies in the FCC designed UWB frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The proposed antenna uses a fractal technique to analyze its UWB characterization. The hexagon antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated on a polyamide substrate of dielectric constant ɛ r  = 4.3, thickness t  = 1.53 mm, loss tangent tan δ  = 0.004 and lande G factor 2. The operating bandwidth of the proposed fractal antenna is about 9 GHz more than UWB range. The size of the radiating patch is about 26 mm × 30 mm and the sided length s  = 15 mm, achieves good impedance matching, constant gain, steady radiation patterns, multi resonant and constant group delay over an UWB frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. This antenna creates the fractal geometry inside the patch with similar in shape but different in sizes. The proposed antenna is fabricated and experimental results are verified in an anechoic chamber of millimetre and antenna lab.

CPW fed hexagonal micro strip fractal antenna for UWB wireless communications

This paper presents the design of a wheel shaped multiband fractal Antenna. This Fractal antenna has been designed on substrate er = 4.3 and thickness h = 1.53 mm. This new antenna has been fed with CPW - Fed. The antenna exhibits the multiband resonances due to self- similarity in antenna structure. The experimental results indicate that resonant frequencies occur at 1.34 GHz, 2.575 GHz, 4.22 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 40.77%, 19.02% and 26.94 % respectively. The first lower end resonant frequency of this antenna shifted to 1.0 GHz in comparison to 1.67 GHz resonant frequency of simple circular coaxially feed patch. This indicates the size reduction of the antenna. The experimental radiation pattern of antenna is similar at all resonant frequencies. Such type of antenna can be useful for mobile and wireless communication.

On the design of wheel‐shaped fractal antenna

The article describes the mechanical properties and electromagnetic shielding of Co-doped ZnO–poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite. Significant improvements in mechanical properties can be obtained by incorporating inorganic nano fillers. The E-modulus and tensile strength were found to be enhanced with the increase in the doping concentration of Co.05Zn.95O incorporated in PVA matrix. Further, we have observed that electromagnetic shielding of the composite filled with 2 wt% concentration of Co.05Zn.95O in the PVA matrix exhibited utmost reflection loss of − 47.31 dB in the bandwidth 8–12 GHz which may be attributed to good compatibility of dielectric and magnetic properties of materials.

Co-doped ZnO–PVA Nanocomposite for EMI Shielding

In this article, a novel inscribed square circular shape fractal antenna is proposed for UWB applications. The proposed antenna has been designed on FR4 substrate er = 4.3, h = 1.53 mm with the diameter 18.4 mm. The CPW-feed technique and the fractal concept have been used to achieve the ultra-wideband impedance matching and compact size. The experimental result of proposed fractal antenna exhibits the ultra-wideband characteristics from 3.01 to 15.0 GHz at VSWR 2:1 corresponds to 133.149% impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna has also been studied experimentally with respect to each iteration. The measured radiation pattern of fractal antenna is nearly omnidirectional in azimuth plane and dumble shape in elevation plane. This antenna is useful for UWB communication System. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:1079–1083, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25926

Design of CPW‐FEED inscribed square circular fractal antenna for UWB applications

This paper presents the fourth iterative UBW Fractal antenna. The UBW fractal antenna has been designed on substrate er = 4.3, thickness h = 1.53 mm with 40 mm radius. This fractal antenna offers the excellent ultra wide bandwidth from 0.88 GHz to 15 GHz corresponding to 177.83 %. The impedance bandwidth of this antenna is 14.12 GHz. The experimental radiation pattern of antenna has been observed nearly omni-directional in azimuth plane. The proposed antenna has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally with respect to design parameters. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. This type of antenna is useful for UWB wireless communication, microwave imaging and

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K. K. Sawant

Papers

CPW fed hexagonal micro strip fractal antenna for UWB wireless communications

On the design of wheel‐shaped fractal antenna

Co-doped ZnO–PVA Nanocomposite for EMI Shielding

Design of CPW‐FEED inscribed square circular fractal antenna for UWB applications

Design of CPW -Fed Fourth Iterative UWB Fractal Antenna