K. Muralidharan

Bio: K. Muralidharan is an academic researcher from Sona College of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Diesel engine & Diesel fuel. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 15 publications receiving 21 citations.

The effect of bio-fuel blends and fuel injection pressure on diesel engine emission for sustainable environment.

Abstract: Problem statement: Diesel engine emits more pollutants to atmosphere c ausing air pollution. This necessitates the search of a renewa ble alternate fuel which is environment friendly. T he objective of this research was to investigate the e nvironmental aspects of pongamia bio-fuel in a sing le cylinder diesel engine with the influence of fuel i njection pressure. Approach: Bio-fuel was prepared from non-edible Pongamia pinnata oil by transesteri fication and used as a fuel in C.I engine. The effe ct of fuel injection pressure on the engine emission c haracteristics of a single cylinder direct injectio n diesel engine has been experimentally investigated using pongamia pinnata methyl ester and its blends with diesel fuel from 0-30% with an increment of 5% at full load. The tests were conducted at five different injection pressures (190, 200, 210, 220 a nd 230 KN m -2 ) by means of adjusting injector spring tension. Results: Compared to diesel, blend B5 exhibits lower engine emissions of unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and carbon di oxide at full load. The High injection pressure of 220 KN m -2 shows lesser emissions of unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide while oxides of nitrogen and carbon dioxide are found to be slightly higher than diesel and blends at full load. Conclusion: From the test results, it was found that a high in jection pressure of 220 KN m -2 causes better atomization with improved engine emission characteristics for diesel and blends at full load. Moreover blend B5 showed best results at 220 KN m -2 injection pressure.

Impact of Indian Geranium Grass Biodiesel Blends on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics

Abstract: Indian Geranium Grass popularly known as palmarosa is widely grown in many parts of Indian Sub-continent and used for its aromatic flavor in South American and Middle East countries. In this current study, Indian Geranium Grass oil is blended with diesel in different proportions from 0 % to 100 % by volume and its impact on performance, combustion and emission characteristics is investigated in a single-cylinder diesel engine without any modification. The experimental results projected that the performance characteristics of Biodiesel blend IGG20 were better as it consumes 12 % lesser fuel of 0.39 kg·kWh−1 and 5 % higher brake thermal efficiency compared to other blends and also exhibited peak cylinder pressure of 75.31 bar and shorter ignition delay of 17.08-degree crank angle compared to diesel. Biodiesel blend IGG20 has a significant reduction in carbon monoxide of 23 %, smoke emission of 17.2 % emission. However, there is a slight increase in total hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and carbon dioxide emissions of 2 %, 15.67 % and 14 % respectively compared to diesel which may be due to poor vaporization, incomplete combustion and reduced in-cylinder temperature.

Influence of biodegradable graphene oxide nano-platelets blended with Indian Geranium grass biodiesel in a diesel engine

Abstract: Increasing emission norms, deteriorating fossil fuel reserves and development in alternative fuel technologies have made a tremendous impact in the field of renewable energy. Nano-additives (or) nano-metal oxides were found to improve the engine performance simultaneously without a drop in emission spectra as a result of catalytic activity and oxygen assisted combustion phenomenon. Then, there were no reported studies on utilizing reduced graphene oxide platelet as a novel fuel additive which is focussed on this present research. Then, it was synthesized using the sol–gel method, characterized and blended with (20% Indian Geranium Biodiesel + 80% mineral diesel) and was tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine for performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Results revealed that 25 parts per million reduced graphene oxide platelet biodiesel blend resulted in 5.92% higher brake thermal efficiency and 15.5% lowered brake-specific energy consumption due to catalytic combustion activity of nanoparticles. Emission-wise, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission was reduced significantly with a marginal increase in oxides of nitrogen emissions. Combustion-wise, 14.7% improvement in-cylinder pressure is observed for 25 parts per million reduced graphene oxide platelet biodiesel blend along with improvements in heat release rate curve indicating a reduction in ignition delay and improvement in premixed combustion phase with higher surface area-to-volume ratio of nano-additives.

Influence of Fuel Injection Pressure on Combustion and Gas Emissions in a TBC Diesel Engine Fuelled with Pongamia Bio-Fuel Blends for Sustainable Environment

Abstract: The objective of this research work was to investigate the environmental aspects of Pongamia bio-fuel blends and diesel in a Thermal Barrier Coated (TBC) diesel engine with the influence of fuel injection pressure. The combustion chamber components including inlet and exhaust valves, cylinder head and piston crown were coated with yttria stabilized zirconia ceramic material over nickel aluminium alloy bond coat for 300 μm thickness. Biodiesel obtained by Transesterification process from non-edible Pongamia pinnata oil was blended with diesel in various proportions from 0–30% in steps of 5% by volume. Injection pressure was varied from 210 bar to 240 bar in steps of 10 bar by means of adjusting the injector spring tension. The effect of fuel injection pressure for specified biodiesel blends and diesel at full load are studied. Experimental results confirmed that in coated engine biodiesel blend 15% by volume (B15) with diesel showed significant reduction in emissions carbon monoxide (CO) of about 50%, unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) of 26.5%, smoke of 20% with slightly higher values of 2.37% oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and 5.17% of carbon di oxide (CO2) at 230 bar injection pressure in full load condition compared with uncoated engine. Increase of injection pressure improved heat release rate of about 5.21%, 4.65% for diesel and blend B15 in coated engine and the occurrence of peak heat release rate is earlier around 2°CA before diesel fuel in coated engine at 230 bar pressure for blend B15. From the test results, it was found that blend B15 causes better atomization with improved emission characteristics at 230 bar injection pressure.

Experimental Methods for Engineers

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Experimental investigations on mixing of two biodiesels blended with diesel as alternative fuel for diesel engines

Abstract: The world faces the crises of energy demand, rising petroleum prices and depletion of fossil fuel resources. Biodiesel has obtained from vegetable oils that have been considered as a promising alternate fuel. The researches regarding blend of diesel and single biodiesel have been done already. Very few works have been done with the combination of two different biodiesel blends with diesel and left a lot of scope in this area. The present study brings out an experiment of two biodiesels from pongamia pinnata oil and mustard oil and they are blended with diesel at various mixing ratios. The effects of dual biodiesel works in engine and exhaust emissions were examined in a single cylinder, direct injection, air cooled and high speed diesel engine at various engine loads with constant engine speed of 3000 rpm. The influences of blends on CO, CO 2 , HC, NOx and smoke opacity were investigated by emission tests. The brake thermal efficiency of blend A was found higher than diesel. The emissions of smoke, hydro carbon and nitrogen oxides of dual biodiesel blends were higher than that of diesel. But the exhaust gas temperature for dual biodiesel blends was lower than diesel.

Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using complementary blending of castor and karanja biodiesel

Abstract: The performance and emissions of blends of karanja and castor biodiesel with conventional diesel in an unmodified single-cylinder DI diesel engine was studied. Different combination of biodiesel and diesel (castor 5% + karanja 5% + diesel 90%, castor 5% + karanja 10% + diesel 85%, castor 10% + karanja 5% + diesel 85%, castor 5% + karanja 15% + diesel 80%, castor 10% + karanja 10% + diesel 80% and castor 15% + karanja 5% + diesel 80%) were studied under varying load from 0 to 100%. The results revealed that BTE slightly decreased while BSFC increased with increasing biodiesel concentration in fuel blends. Unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke reduced with increasing biodiesel content in fuel blends. An increasing concentration of castor biodiesel resulted in higher emissions. The blend containing castor 5% + karanja 10% + diesel 85% was found most suitable for a DI diesel engine in the context of performance and emission.

Performance and emission characteristics of a low heat rejection engine using Nerium biodiesel and its blends

Abstract: In the present study, the surface of cylinder head, piston, exhaust and inlet valves of a four stroke direct injection and single cylinder diesel engine has been coated with partially stabilised zirconia (PSZ) by the plasma spray method. The coated engine was tested with the neat diesel and methyl ester of neat Nerium oil. The performance and emission results were compared with the uncoated engine fuelled with diesel and methyl ester of Nerium oil (MEON). Specific fuel consumption of the PSZ-coated engine was lower at all loads, because of the insulation effect of coating and changes in combustion process due to coating. The brake thermal efficiency of PSZ-coated engine fuelled with MEON is 3.8% higher than uncoated engine fuelled with MEON. The emission for the PSZ-coated engine with diesel was improved compared with uncoated engine except NOx.