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K. N. Ninan

Bio: K. N. Ninan is an academic researcher from Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. The author has contributed to research in topics: Thermal decomposition & Curing (chemistry). The author has an hindex of 36, co-authored 159 publications receiving 4156 citations.


Papers
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Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Cyanate esters (CEs) form a family of new generation thermosetting resins whose performance characteristics make them attractive competitors to many current commercial polymer materials for such applications.
Abstract: The search for advanced, high performance, high temperature resistant polymers is on the rise in view of the growing demand for polymer matrix composites that are to meet stringent functional requirements for use in the rapidly evolving high-tech area of aerospace. Cyanate esters (CEs) form a family of new generation thermosetting resins whose performance characteristics make them attractive competitors to many current commercial polymer materials for such applications. The chemistry and technology of CEs are relatively new and continue to evolve and enthuse researchers. The CEs are gifted with many attractive physical, electrical, thermal, and processing properties required of an ideal matrix resin. These properties are further tunable through backbone structure and by blending with other polymer systems. The structure-property correlation is quite well established. Several new monomers have been reported while some are commercially available. The synthesis of new monomers has come to a stage of stagnation and the present attention is on evolving new formulations and processing techniques. The blends with epoxy and bismaleimide have attracted a lot of research attention and achieved commercial success. While the latter is now known to form an IPN, the reaction mechanism with epoxy is still intriguing. Extensive research in blending with conventional and high performance thermoplastics has led to the generation of key information on morphological features and toughening mechanisms, to the extent that even simulation of morphology and property has now become possible. Despite the fact that the resin and its technology are nearly two decades old, the fundamental aspects related to curing, cure kinetics, reaction modeling, etc. still evince immense research interest and new hypotheses continue to emerge.

228 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, three new approximations for the temperature integral, p(x), viz. a series, a three-term and a two-term, are proposed.

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A bis benzoxazine monomer with allyl groups viz: 2,2′-bis (8allyl-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazinyl) propane (Bz-allyl) was synthesized via a solventless method from 2, 2′diallyl bisphenol-A, paraformaldehyde and aniline as discussed by the authors.

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a linear dependence of the logarithm of the Arrhenius temperature integral ln p(x) on x (= E R T ), its slope on x−1 and its intercept on In x, respectively, has been derived for non-isothermal experiments.

101 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of bisphenol A based benzoxazine and a bismaleimide (2,2-bis[4(4-maleimidophenoxy) phenyl] propane (BMI), was thermally polymerized in varying proportions and their cure and thermal characteristics were investigated.

99 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have developed recommendations for reliable evaluation of kinetic parameters (the activation energy, the preexponential factor, and the reaction model) from the data obtained by means of thermal analysis methods such as TGA, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and differential thermal analysis (DTA).

4,112 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the development of high performance polyurethane (PU) and its subclass coatings can be found in this paper, where a wide variety of fillers, whiskers and fibers as well as clay and wollastonites with structural modification are described for use in nanocomposite PU coatings.

1,434 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of recent developments of the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers is presented in this article, along with their thermal stabilities and flame-retardant properties.

1,379 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The thermal stability and flame retardancy of polyurethanes is reviewed in this article, where a detailed description of TGA, TGA-MS and TGAFTIR methods for studying the decomposition mechanism and kinetics is also provided.

1,329 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Progress in new shape memory enabling mechanisms and triggering methods, variations of in shape memory forms (shape memory surfaces, hydrogels, and microparticles), newshape memory behavior (multi-SME and two-way-S ME), and novel fabrication methods are reviewed.

1,020 citations