K. S. Kasana

Bio: K. S. Kasana is an academic researcher from National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra. The author has contributed to research in topics: Coefficient of performance & Refrigerant. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 14 publications receiving 182 citations.

An analysis of a thermal power plant working on a Rankine cycle: A theoretical investigation

Abstract: Today, most of the electricity produced throughout the world is from steam power plants. However, electricity is being produced by some other power generation sources such as hydropower, gas power, bio-gas power, solar cells, etc. One newly devel-oped method of electricity generation is the Magneto hydro dynamic power plant. This paper deals with steam cycles used in power plants. Thermodynamic analysis of the Rankine cycle has been undertaken to enhance the efficiency and reli-ability of steam power plants. The thermodynamic deviations resulting in non-ideal or irreversible func-tioning of various steam power plant components have been identified. A comparative study between the Carnot cycle and Rankine cycle efficiency has been analyzed resulting in the introduction of regen-eration in the Rankine cycle. Factors affecting effi-ciency of the Rankine cycle have been identified and analyzed for improved working of thermal power plants.

The study of solar absorption air-conditioning systems

Abstract: An air-conditioning system utilizing solar energy would generally be more efficient, cost wise, if it was used to provide both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Various solar powered heating systems have been tested extensively, but solar powered air conditioning systems have received very little attention. Solar powered absorption cooling systems can serve both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Many researchers have studied the solar absorption air conditioning system in order to make it economically and technically viable. But still, much more research in this area is needed. This paper will help many researchers working in this area and provide them with fundamental knowledge on absorption systems, and a detailed review on the past efforts in the field of solar absorption cooling systems with the absorption pair of lithium-bromide and water. This knowledge will help them to start the parametric study in order to investigate the influence of key parameters on the overall system performance.

Modelling and simulation of a solar absorption cooling system for India

Abstract: This paper presents modelling and simulation of a solar absorption cooling system. In this paper, the modelling of a solar-powered, single stage, absorption cooling system, using a flat plate collector and water–lithium bromide solution, is done. A computer program has been developed for the absorption system to simulate various cycle configurations with the help of various weather data for the village Bahal, District Bhiwani, Haryana, India. The effects of hot water inlet temperatures on the coefficient of performance (COP) and the surface area of the absorption cooling component are studied. The hot water inlet temperature is found to affect the surface area of some of the system components. Moreover the effect of the reference temperature which is the minimum allowable hot water inlet temperature on the fraction of total load met by non-purchased energy (FNP) and coefficient of performance (COP) is studied and it is found that high reference temperature increases the system COP and decreases the surface area of system components but lower reference temperature gives better results for FNP than high reference temperatures.

Performance evaluation of solar absorption cooling system of Bahal (Haryana)

Abstract: This study presents the modeling of a solar-powered, single-stage, absorption cooling system using a flat plate collector and water-lithium bromide solution A modular computer program has been developed for the absorption system to simulate various cycle configurations with the help of weather data of village Bahal, Distt Bhiwani, Haryana, India The effects of hot water inlet temperatures on the coefficient of performance and the surface area of the absorption cooling component are studied Also studied is the effect of reference temperature, which is the minimum allowable hot water inlet temperature on the fraction of total load met by nonpurchased energy and coefficient of performance

Technological investigations and efficiency analysis of a steam heat exchange condenser: conceptual design of a hybrid steam condenser

Abstract: Most of the electricity being produced throughout the world today is from steam power plants. At the same time, many other competent means of generating electricity have been developed viz. electricity from natural gas, MHD generators, biogas, solar cells, etc. But steam power plants will continue to be competent because of the use of water as the main working fluid which is abundantly available and is also reusable. The condenser remains among one of the key components of a steam power plant. The efficiency of a thermal power plant depends upon the efficiency of the condenser. In this paper, a theoretical investigation about thermal analysis and design considerations of a steam condenser has been undertaken. A hybrid steam condenser using a higher surface area to diameter ratio of cooling a water tube has been analyzed. The use of a hybrid steam condenser enables higher efficiency of the steam power plant by lowering condenser steam pressure and increasing the vacuum inside the condenser. The latent/sensible heat of steam is used to preheat the feed water supply to the boiler. A conceptual technological design aspect of a super vacuum hybrid surface steam condenser has been theoretically analyzed.

Fundamentals Of Engineering Thermodynamics

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Principles and criteria for assessing urban energy resilience: A literature review

Abstract: Between 60% and 80% of global energy is consumed in urban areas and given the projected increase in world׳s urban population, this share is expected to further increase in the future. Continuity of energy supply in cities is affected by climate change and a growing array of other threats such as cyber attacks, terrorism, technical deficiencies, and market volatility. Determined efforts, acknowledging the interactions and interlinkages between energy and other sectors, are needed to avoid adverse consequences of disruption in energy supply. Resilience thinking is an approach to management of socio-ecological systems that aims to develop an integrated framework for bringing together the (often) fragmented, diverse research on disaster risk management. The literature on urban resilience is immense and still growing. This paper reviews literature related to energy resilience to develop a conceptual framework for assessing urban energy resilience, identify planning and design criteria that can be used for assessing urban energy resilience, and examine the relationship of these criteria with the underlying components of the conceptual framework. In the conceptual framework, it is proposed that in order to be resilient, urban energy system needs to be capable of “planning and preparing for”, “absorbing”, “recovering from”, and “adapting” to any adverse events that may happen in the future. Integrating these four abilities into the system would enable it to continuously address “availability”, “accessibility”, “affordability”, and “acceptability” as the four sustainability-related dimensions of energy. The paper explains different resilience principles associated with these abilities and sustainability dimensions. Also, different planning and design criteria were extracted from the literature and categorized into five themes: infrastructure; resources; land use, urban geometry and morphology; governance; and socio-demographic aspects and human behavior. Examination of the relationship of these criteria with the underlying components of the conceptual framework highlighted the complexity and multi-faceted nature of energy resilience. Exploration of the relevance of the identified criteria to climate change mitigation and adaptation revealed that most of the identified criteria can provide both mitigation and adaptation benefits.

Refrigeration And Air Conditioning

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Energy from sugarcane bagasse in Brazil: An assessment of the productivity and cost of different technological routes

Abstract: Bagasse from sugarcane is traditionally used in the Brazilian sugar and ethanol industry to meet the energy needs of its own production processes and, more recently, to generate surplus electricity for sale on the national grid. Currently, the industry faces a difficult choice between either enhancing electricity generation or increasing ethanol production through the biochemical processing of bagasse. The aim of this paper is to examine the most promising technical configurations for bioenergy production using sugarcane bagasse and to discuss which configuration would be the most attractive investment option for the industry. At present, electricity generation through Rankine cycle power plants is the only commercially available alternative. Nevertheless, the analysis cannot be restricted only to the short term. For this purpose, cost analysis for 2030 were developed, and even in scenarios where there is an effective cost reduction of untradeable routes, the alternative of burning bagasse to generate electricity provides the most benefits from an investor perspective.

Worldwide overview of solar thermal cooling technologies

Abstract: In this paper, a brief overview of different available and actually installed solar thermal driven technologies used for cooling or air-conditioning purposes have been presented. A review analysis has been performed taking into account research on experimental and simulated solar cooling systems in terms of COP, area of collector (Ac) per unit chiller capacity (Pch) and volume of storage tank (V) per unit area of collector. The COP of absorption chillers lies between 0.6 and 0.8 for simulated and 0.40–0.85 for experimental systems for generator inlet temperature between 70 and 100 °C with dominance in the market. Adsorption chillers have lower COP in the range of 0.2–0.6 both for simulated and experimental systems. However, adsorption chillers can work at lower generator inlet temperatures in the range of 45–65 °C. The ratio of Ac to Pch presents a wide spread ranging from 1.5 to 11.5 m2 kWch−1. It shows that some installation may have additional area of collector installed resulting in higher thermal energy losses and initial cost of the system while others may have lower Ac installed resulting in lower solar fraction and lesser primary energy savings. Similarly, the ratio of V to Ac also shows a large variation in both simulated and experimental systems ranging from 5 to 130 l m−2. However, most of these systems lie in the range of 20–80 l m−2. The range of storage volume is suggested between 50 and 110 l m−2 but at a first glance it seems that keeping fixed storage volume linked to area of collector may not be an economical solution for large collector areas. Although these installations are designed for solar cooling/air-conditioning purposes only but utilization of these installations further for space heating and sanitary hot water production so called multi-purpose solar thermal systems (MPSTS) will provide better results of primary energy savings.