Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

http://publicationslist.org/data/meng.chong/ref-18/sdarticle.pdf

Recent Developments in Photocatalytic Water Treatment Technology: A Review

Titanium dioxide, TiO2, is an important photocatalytic material that exists as two main polymorphs, anatase and rutile. The presence of either or both of these phases impacts on the photocatalytic performance of the material. The present work reviews the anatase to rutile phase transformation. The synthesis and properties of anatase and rutile are examined, followed by a discussion of the thermodynamics of the phase transformation and the factors affecting its observation. A comprehensive analysis of the reported effects of dopants on the anatase to rutile phase transformation and the mechanisms by which these effects are brought about is presented in this review, yielding a plot of the cationic radius versus the valence characterised by a distinct boundary between inhibitors and promoters of the phase transformation. Further, the likely effects of dopant elements, including those for which experimental data are unavailable, on the phase transformation are deduced and presented on the basis of this analysis.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10853-010-5113-0.pdf

Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

/pdf/science-and-technology-roadmap-for-graphene-related-two-4q9m7czlkc.pdf

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

Experimental studies on a solar powered air conditioning system with partitioned hot water storage tank

Solar absorption cooling with low grade heat source — a strategy of development in South China

A mathematical model of the closed adsorption heat pump and cooling systems is particularly used to assist in interpreting the observed phenomena, to design the system, to predict the trends, and to assist in optimization. In this paper, various mathematical models mainly analyzing the heat and mass transfer process of an adsorption bed in closed adsorption heat pump and cooling systems are reviewed and classified based on complexity, into three main groups: i.e. thermodynamic model; lumped parameters model; heat and mass transfer model. The major characteristics of different models and assumptions used are presented and discussed. Also, the numerical methods and validation of the models are summarized and significant results obtained through mathematical model are detailed. Although the models have evolved to a point where several features of the process can be predicted, more effort is required before the models can be applied to define actual operating conditions as well as to further investigate new closed adsorption cycles.

Review of mathematical investigation on the closed adsorption heat pump and cooling systems

This paper presents the description and operation of a solar-powered ice-maker with the solid adsorption pair of activated carbon and methanol. A domestic type of charcoal was chosen as the adsorbent, and a simple flat-plate collector with an exposed area of 0.92 m2 was employed to produce ice of about 4–5 kg d−1 at an evaporator temperature of about −6°C. The above system could achieve solar refrigeration COP of about 0·1–0·12. With the description of the idealized refrigerating system, the influences of evaporating temperature, adsorbing temperature and condensing temperature on the COP were also analysed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A solar-powered ice-maker with the solid adsorption pair of activated carbon and methanol

This paper presents the experimental tests on hybrid desiccant dehumidification and air conditioning systems. Experimental tests are carried out with LiC1 desiccant at typical operative ranges for air conditioning applications, particularly for high humid regions like Hong Kong. Results are reported in terms of coefficient of performance (COP) based on primary energy usage and electrical energy usage, respectively. Experiments have demonstrated consistent reduction in humidity ratio satisfying the sensible as well as latent load through a respective subsystem and thereby resulting in a higher COP based on primary energy usage. Also, results show that the regeneration temperature as well as process air flow rate have a significant role on the system performance. It is found that the hybrid system can achieve a higher part load performance, and hence can assure of its effective operation all year around in hot humid regions.

K. Sumathy

Papers

Experimental studies on a solar powered air conditioning system with partitioned hot water storage tank

Solar absorption cooling with low grade heat source — a strategy of development in South China

Review of mathematical investigation on the closed adsorption heat pump and cooling systems

A solar-powered ice-maker with the solid adsorption pair of activated carbon and methanol

Experimental Study on a Hybrid Desiccant Dehumidification and Air Conditioning System