http://hywr.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/lecture/gss/SBabel/E3-20130118PM/Hazardous%20material_2003.pdf

Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review.

Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: A review

Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions - a review.

Heavy metal remediation of aqueous streams is of special concern due to recalcitrant and persistency of heavy metals in environment. Conventional treatment technologies for the removal of these toxic heavy metals are not economical and further generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. Biosorption is emerging as a potential alternative to the existing conventional technologies for the removal and/or recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions. The major advantages of biosorption over conventional treatment methods include: low cost, high efficiency, minimization of chemical or biological sludge, regeneration of biosorbents and possibility of metal recovery. Cellulosic agricultural waste materials are an abundant source for significant metal biosorption. The functional groups present in agricultural waste biomass viz. acetamido, alcoholic, carbonyl, phenolic, amido, amino, sulphydryl groups etc. have affinity for heavy metal ions to form metal complexes or chelates. The mechanism of biosorption process includes chemisorption, complexation, adsorption on surface, diffusion through pores and ion exchange etc. The purpose of this review article is to provide the scattered available information on various aspects of utilization of the agricultural waste materials for heavy metal removal. Agricultural waste material being highly efficient, low cost and renewable source of biomass can be exploited for heavy metal remediation. Further these biosorbents can be modified for better efficiency and multiple reuses to enhance their applicability at industrial scale.

Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions

Adsorptive removal of hazardous materials using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): A review

Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from an agricultural solid waste

Adsorption of nickel(ii) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from coirpith

Activated carbon prepared from biomass as adsorbent: elimination of Ni(II) from aqueous solution

Sludge from various industries is an efficient source of plant nutrients. Disposal of these sludges is a major problem due to their production in large quantities. On the other hand, sludge holds a large amount of organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium, and these components are not in forms that are immediately available to crops. Earthworms and microorganisms perform a major role in releasing these minerals from the sludge to the soil. Therefore, it has been suggested that vermicomposting by using earthworms might be an excellent method in the management of industrial sludge. Stabilization of the sludge by vermicomposting prior to soil application can affect the breakdown processes prior to application, providing a humus-rich, concentrated amendment with favorable physical and structural properties. Therefore, this review article discusses the stabilization of pulp and paper mill sludge, including pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and the removal efficiency of metals by vermitreatment methods. 

K Thamaraiselvi

Papers

Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from an agricultural solid waste

Adsorption of nickel(ii) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from coirpith

Activated carbon prepared from biomass as adsorbent: elimination of Ni(II) from aqueous solution

Vermicomposting: An efficient technology for the stabilization and bioremediation of pulp and paper mill sludge