Modeling and optimization I: Usability of response surface methodology

Many techniques are available in the fermentation medium designer’s toolbox (borrowing, component swapping, biological mimicry, one-at-a-time, statistical and mathematical techniques—experimental design and optimization, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, continuous fermentation, pulsed batch and stoichiometric analysis). Each technique has advantages and disadvantages, and situations where they are best applied. No one ‘magic bullet’ technique exists for all situations. However, considerable advantage can be gained by logical application of the techniques, combined with good experimental design.

Strategies for improving fermentation medium performance: a review

Application of response surface methodology for extraction optimization of germinant pumpkin seeds protein

One stop mycology

The chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, causes chytridiomycosis and is a major contributor to global amphibian declines. Although amphibians have robust immune defenses, clearance of this pathogen is impaired. Because inhibition of host immunity is a common survival strategy of pathogenic fungi, we hypothesized that B. dendrobatidis evades clearance by inhibiting immune functions. We found that B. dendrobatidis cells and supernatants impaired lymphocyte proliferation and induced apoptosis; however, fungal recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils was not impaired. Fungal inhibitory factors were resistant to heat, acid, and protease. Their production was absent in zoospores and reduced by nikkomycin Z, suggesting that they may be components of the cell wall. Evasion of host immunity may explain why this pathogen has devastated amphibian populations worldwide.

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The invasive chytrid fungus of amphibians paralyzes lymphocyte responses.

Application of response surface methodology to evaluate the influence of temperature and initial pH on the production of β-1,3-glucanase and carboxymethylcellulase from Trichoderma harzianum

Stability and kinetics of β-1,3-glucanse from Trichoderma harzianum

Direct conversion of cellulosic material to ethanol by the intergeneric fusant Trichoderma reesei QM 9414/Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3288

Bioprocess Optimization - A Challenge

Surface and submerged culture studies were carried out for the production of extracellular β-1,3-glucanase and carboxymethylcellulase from Trichoderma harzianum, NCIM 1185. The different parameters which influence the enzyme production, viz., spore age in the slant growth, seed age, and pH (initial) of the production medium have been optimized. The ranges of these parameters studied were: Spore age of T. harzianum between 2 and 10 days, seed age between 12 h and 48 h, and pH (initial) between 3 and 7. The other conditions of fermentation were: Temperature 30°C, gyratory shaker speed 160 rev. min−1. It was observed that the activities of β-1,3-glucanase and carboxymethylcellulase varied during the entire fermentation cycle which had a distinct effect on protoplast generation from T. reesei mycelium. The optimum values of the above-mentioned parameters for lytic enzymes production were: Spore age of T. harzianum in the slant growth 5 days, seed age 36 h, and pH (initial) 5.0 for both surface and submerged culture processes.

Production of β-1,3-glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum in surface and submerged culture processes and its role on protoplast generation from Trichoderma reesei mycelium

K. Théodore

Papers

Application of response surface methodology to evaluate the influence of temperature and initial pH on the production of β-1,3-glucanase and carboxymethylcellulase from Trichoderma harzianum

Stability and kinetics of β-1,3-glucanse from Trichoderma harzianum

Direct conversion of cellulosic material to ethanol by the intergeneric fusant Trichoderma reesei QM 9414/Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3288

Bioprocess Optimization - A Challenge

Production of β-1,3-glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum in surface and submerged culture processes and its role on protoplast generation from Trichoderma reesei mycelium