Author
K.V. Rajendran
Other affiliations: Yosu National University, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Auburn University ...read more
Bio: K.V. Rajendran is an academic researcher from Central Institute of Fisheries Education. The author has contributed to research in topics: Penaeus monodon & Shrimp. The author has an hindex of 19, co-authored 24 publications receiving 1365 citations. Previous affiliations of K.V. Rajendran include Yosu National University & Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture.
Topics: Penaeus monodon, Shrimp, White spot syndrome, Biology, Gene
Papers
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TL;DR: Black spot syndrome virus derived from infected shrimp, Penaeus monodon, is suggested to act as asymptomatic carriers/reservoir hosts of crabs, prawns and lobsters through histological and bioassay evidences, the first report to suggest the carrier/ Reservoir capacity of these hosts through Histological and Bioassay evidence.
Abstract: Experimental studies were conducted by injecting or feeding white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) derived from infected shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), collected from the south-east coast of India, to five species of shrimp, two species of freshwater prawns, four species of crabs and three species of lobsters. All species examined were susceptible to the virus. Experimental infections in the shrimp had the same clinical symptoms and histopathological characteristics as in naturally infected P. monodon. A cumulative mortality of 100% was observed within 5–7 days in shrimp injected with WSSV and 7–9 days in shrimp fed with infected tissue. Two species of mud crab, Scylla sp., survived the infection for 30 days without any clinical symptoms. All three species of lobsters, Panulirus sp., and the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man), survived the infection for 70 days without clinical symptoms. However, bioassay and histology using healthy P. monodon revealed that crabs, prawns and lobsters may act as asymptomatic carriers/reservoir hosts of WSSV. This is the first report to suggest the carrier/reservoir capacity of these hosts through histological and bioassay evidences. Ultrastructural details of the virus in experimentally infected shrimp, P. vannamei, (Boone), were also studied.
156 citations
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TL;DR: This is the first RNA-Seq-based expression study in catfish in response to heat stress, and the candidate genes identified should be valuable for further targeted studies on heat tolerance, thereby assisting the development of heat-tolerant catfish lines for aquaculture.
Abstract: Temperature is one of the most prominent abiotic factors affecting ectotherms. Most fish species, as ectotherms, have extraordinary ability to deal with a wide range of temperature changes. While the molecular mechanism underlying temperature adaptation has long been of interest, it is still largely unexplored with fish. Understanding of the fundamental mechanisms conferring tolerance to temperature fluctuations is a topic of increasing interest as temperature may continue to rise as a result of global climate change. Catfish have a wide natural habitat and possess great plasticity in dealing with environmental variations in temperature. However, no studies have been conducted at the transcriptomic level to determine heat stress-induced gene expression. In the present study, we conducted an RNA-Seq analysis to identify heat stress-induced genes in catfish at the transcriptome level. Expression analysis identified a total of 2,260 differentially expressed genes with a cutoff of twofold change. qRT-PCR validation suggested the high reliability of the RNA-Seq results. Gene ontology, enrichment, and pathway analyses were conducted to gain insight into physiological and gene pathways. Specifically, genes involved in oxygen transport, protein folding and degradation, and metabolic process were highly induced, while general protein synthesis was dramatically repressed in response to the lethal temperature stress. This is the first RNA-Seq-based expression study in catfish in response to heat stress. The candidate genes identified should be valuable for further targeted studies on heat tolerance, thereby assisting the development of heat-tolerant catfish lines for aquaculture.
134 citations
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TL;DR: The large set of transcripts assembled in this study is the most comprehensive set of genome resources ever developed from catfish, which will provide the much needed resources for functional genome research inCatfish, serving as a reference transcriptome for genome annotation, analysis of gene duplication, gene family structures, and digital gene expression analysis.
Abstract: Upon the completion of whole genome sequencing, thorough genome annotation that associates genome sequences with biological meanings is essential. Genome annotation depends on the availability of transcript information as well as orthology information. In teleost fish, genome annotation is seriously hindered by genome duplication. Because of gene duplications, one cannot establish orthologies simply by homology comparisons. Rather intense phylogenetic analysis or structural analysis of orthologies is required for the identification of genes. To conduct phylogenetic analysis and orthology analysis, full-length transcripts are essential. Generation of large numbers of full-length transcripts using traditional transcript sequencing is very difficult and extremely costly. In this work, we took advantage of a doubled haploid catfish, which has two sets of identical chromosomes and in theory there should be no allelic variations. As such, transcript sequences generated from next-generation sequencing can be favorably assembled into full-length transcripts. Deep sequencing of the doubled haploid channel catfish transcriptome was performed using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, yielding over 300 million high-quality trimmed reads totaling 27 Gbp. Assembly of these reads generated 370,798 non-redundant transcript-derived contigs. Functional annotation of the assembly allowed identification of 25,144 unique protein-encoding genes. A total of 2,659 unique genes were identified as putative duplicated genes in the catfish genome because the assembly of the corresponding transcripts harbored PSVs or MSVs (in the form of pseudo-SNPs in the assembly). Of the 25,144 contigs with unique protein hits, around 20,000 contigs matched 50% length of reference proteins, and over 14,000 transcripts were identified as full-length with complete open reading frames. The characterization of consensus sequences surrounding start codon and the stop codon confirmed the correct assembly of the full-length transcripts. The large set of transcripts assembled in this study is the most comprehensive set of genome resources ever developed from catfish, which will provide the much needed resources for functional genome research in catfish, serving as a reference transcriptome for genome annotation, analysis of gene duplication, gene family structures, and digital gene expression analysis. The putative set of duplicated genes provide a starting point for genome scale analysis of gene duplication in the catfish genome, and should be a valuable resource for comparative genome analysis, genome evolution, and genome function studies.
123 citations
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TL;DR: Although EHP could be detected from slow-growing as well as WFS-affected animals, the present study could not conclusively elucidate the association of EHP with these clinical signs through experimental infection trials.
115 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Shikai Liu,* Xiuli Wang,* Fanyue Sun, Jiaren Zhang, Jianbin Feng, Hong Liu, K. V. Rajendran, Luyang Sun, Yu Zhang, Yanliang Jiang, Eric Peatman, Ludmilla Kaltenboeck, Huseyin Kucuktas, and Zhanjiang Liu The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn,
Abstract: Shikai Liu,* Xiuli Wang,* Fanyue Sun, Jiaren Zhang, Jianbin Feng, Hong Liu, K. V. Rajendran, Luyang Sun, Yu Zhang, Yanliang Jiang, Eric Peatman, Ludmilla Kaltenboeck, Huseyin Kucuktas, and Zhanjiang Liu The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The Shellfish Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Peoples Republic of China; and College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, Peoples Republic of China
107 citations
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01 Jan 2000
3,536 citations
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TL;DR: An overview of the biology of endocytosis is presented and its implications in cell internalisation of nanoparticles are discussed, including how nanoparticle size, shape and surface chemistry can control this process effectively.
Abstract: Endocytosis is a fundamental process in which eukaryotic cells internalise molecules and macromolecules via deformation of the membrane and generation of membrane-bound carriers. Functional aspects are not only limited to uptake of nutrients, but also play a primary role in evolutionary conserved processes such as the regulation of plasma membrane protein activity (i.e. signal-transducing receptors, small-molecule transporters and ion channels), cell motility and mitosis. The macromolecular nature of the material transported by endocytosis makes this route one of the most important targets for nanomedicine. Indeed, many nanoparticle formulations have been customised to enter cells through endocytosis and deliver the cargo within the cell. In this critical review, we present an overview of the biology of endocytosis and discuss its implications in cell internalisation of nanoparticles. We discuss how nanoparticle size, shape and surface chemistry can control this process effectively. Finally, we discuss different drug delivery strategies on how to evade lysosomal degradation to promote effective release of the cargo (376 references).
788 citations
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TL;DR: The various factors, providing specific examples, which have contributed to the current disease problems faced by what is now the fastest growing food-producing sector globally are described.
668 citations
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TL;DR: In the last decade betanodavirus infections have emerged as major constraints on the culture of marine fish in all parts of the world with the exception of the African continent and the measures identified have not been adequately implemented by producers with the result that catastrophic losses still occur on a regular basis.
Abstract: In the last decade betanodavirus infections have emerged as major constraints on the culture of marine fish in all parts of the world with the exception of the African continent. The occurrence of these infections appears to be a function of the number of species cultured and the intensity of culture. This has been further complicated by the promiscuous translocation of stock within and between countries. Great strides have been made in defining these agents and producing diagnostic techniques but much more remains to be done. Lack of knowledge of the epidemiology of the diseases caused by nodaviruses, except for vertical transmission of the pathogen in some species, has impeded the development of control measures but, even so, the measures identified to date have not been adequately implemented by producers with the result that catastrophic losses still occur on a regular basis.
552 citations
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TL;DR: The current understanding of teleost immune-relevant genes for both innate and adaptive immunity, including pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, complement molecules, lectins, interferons and signaling factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adaptive immunity relevant cytokines and negative regulators are discussed.
Abstract: Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early vertebrate evolution. Fish immune-relevant genes have received considerable attention due to its role in improving understanding of both fish immunology and the evolution of immune systems. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of teleost immune-relevant genes for both innate and adaptive immunity, including pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, complement molecules, lectins, interferons and signaling factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adaptive immunity relevant cytokines and negative regulators, major histocompatibility complexes, immunoglobulins, and costimulatory molecules. The implications of these factors on the evolutionary history of immune systems were discussed and a perspective outline of innate and adaptive immunity of teleost fish was described. This review may provide clues on the evolution of the essential defense system in vertebrates.
399 citations