Kalyan Gayen

Bio: Kalyan Gayen is an academic researcher from National Institute of Technology Agartala. The author has contributed to research in topics: Biomass & Biofuel. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 45 publications receiving 1389 citations. Previous affiliations of Kalyan Gayen include Indian Institutes of Technology & University of California, Santa Barbara.

Production of biodiesel from microalgae through biological carbon capture: a review

Abstract: Gradual increase in concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere due to the various anthropogenic interventions leading to significant alteration in the global carbon cycle has been a subject of worldwide attention and matter of potential research over the last few decades. In these alarming scenario microalgae seems to be an attractive medium for capturing the excess CO2 present in the atmosphere generated from different sources such as power plants, automobiles, volcanic eruption, decomposition of organic matters and forest fires. This captured CO2 through microalgae could be used as potential carbon source to produce lipids for the generation of biofuel for replacing petroleum-derived transport fuel without affecting the supply of food and crops. This comprehensive review strives to provide a systematic account of recent developments in the field of biological carbon capture through microalgae for its utilization towards the generation of biodiesel highlighting the significance of certain key parameters such as selection of efficient strain, microalgal metabolism, cultivation systems (open and closed) and biomass production along with the national and international biodiesel specifications and properties. The potential use of photobioreactors for biodiesel production under the influence of various factors viz., light intensity, pH, time, temperature, CO2 concentration and flow rate has been discussed. The review also provides an economic overview and future outlook on biodiesel production from microalgae.

Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers

Abstract: The demand for petroleum dependent chemicals and materials has been increasing despite the dwindling of their fossil resources. As the dead-end of petroleum based industry has started to appear, today's modern society has to implement alternative energy and valuable chemical resources immediately. Owing to the importance of lignocellulosic biomass being the most abundant and bio-renewable biomass on earth, this critical review provides insights into the potential of lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative platform to fossil resources. In this context, over 200 value-added compounds, which can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass by various treatment methods, are presented with their references. Lignocellulosic biomass based polymers and their commercial importance are also reported mainly in the frame of these compounds. This review article aims to draw the map of lignocellulosic biomass derived chemicals and their synthetic polymers, and to reveal the scope of this map in today's modern chemical and polymer industry.

Nanostructured Materials for Heterogeneous Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction and their Related Reaction Mechanisms

Abstract: The gradually increased concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the atmosphere has been recognized as the primary culprit for the rise of the global mean temperature. In recent years, development of routes for highly efficient conversion of CO2 has received much attention. This Review describes recent progress on the design and synthesis of solid-state catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 . The significance of this catalytic conversion is presented, followed by the general parameters for CO2 electroreduction and a summary of the reaction apparatus. We also discuss various types of solid catalysts based on their CO2 conversion mechanisms. We summarize the crucial factors (particle size, surface structure, composition, etc.) determining the performance for electroreduction.

The Cell Wall

Abstract: Secondary thickening in pteridophytes.-The known cases of secondary thickening in recent Pteridophyta have been brought together by HILL23 in a useful resume. After stating the criteria for secondary growth, Botrychium, which has a distinct cambium, and Ophioglossum, which lacks a definite layer, are described, followed by Angiopteris and Marattia, in which a cambium forms a few xylem elements. CORMACK'S observations on the secondary wood in the nodes of Equisetum are cited, though no reference is made to the cambium in the young cone as reported by J]FFREY.24 The other cases of secondary growth include Psilotum, Selaginella spinulosa, and several species of Isoetes, especially I. hystrix, which may show a cambium outside the vascular cylinder.-M. A.