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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Power line communication (PLC) is the use of power lines for the purpose of electronic data transmission. The presence of additive noise, namely, background noise and impulsive noise, significantly affects the performance of a PLC system. While the background noise is modeled by Nakagami- $m$ distribution, the impulsive noise is modeled using Middleton class A distribution. In this letter, we study the performance of a PLC system under the combined effect of Nakagami- $m$ background noise and Middleton class A impulsive noise assuming binary phase shift keying signaling. The probability density function of decision variable under the influence of additive noise (sum of background noise and impulsive noise) is derived. We also derive an analytical expression for the average bit error rate of the considered PLC system. The analytical expressions are validated by close matching to the simulation results. The analysis presented in this letter closely predicts the behavior of the PLC system under the combined effect of background and impulsive noises.

Performance Evaluation of PLC Under the Combined Effect of Background and Impulsive Noises

With the development of new energy technology, more and more plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have appeared in our lives. In vehicle to grid (V2G) information exchange, the method that PEVs use to access the grid for information and vehicular data collection is the key factor that affects the reliability and real-time nature of V2G communication. Vehicular power line communication (VPLC) reuses vehicular power cables as a communication medium, which avoids the need for an additional vehicular communication line and optimizes the in-vehicle space. VPLC is being considered as a more competitive solution to reduce the complexity of design, weight, and cost associated with the rapid growth of electronic devices installed in vehicles, especially for PEVs. Nevertheless, there are factors that impact VPLC in such a way that disrupts reliability and introduces problems. One of these challenges is VPLC channel noise, which can reduce communication reliability. Hence, in this paper, we introduce a V2G information interaction system structure, based on power line communication, to establish a VPLC channel model for the vehicular data collection system. The model is developed in Simulink and leverages various vehicular noise models and binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) modulation; it also analyzes the channel characteristics by examining different types of noise based on BFSK. Our simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of PLC under BFSK modulation and demodulation, often used in PEVs, which could provide guidance to the implementation of VPLC in support of practical engineering.

/pdf/reliability-oriented-modeling-and-analysis-of-vehicular-4fsg4dtic0.pdf

Reliability Oriented Modeling and Analysis of Vehicular Power Line Communication for Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Information Exchange System

This paper proposes to use N-branch diversity reception for a power line communication (PLC) system with binary phase-shift keying to improve the reliability of data transmission. The PLC channel is subject to Rayleigh fading and additive Nakagami-m background noise with m < 1, which is caused by multiple noise sources. The optimal detector for this system is derived by approximating the noise distribution by Hoyt distribution. A closed form expression and a series expression for the symbol error probability for even and odd N, respectively, are obtained. The advantage of using multiple receive branches in terms of achieving better error performance and its power efficiency are shown through numerical results. The effect of the shape parameter m of the background noise on the performance of the optimal receiver is also demonstrated.

Coherent detection in a receive diversity PLC system under Nakagami-m noise environment

This work targets a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the serial-relaying and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) fading mitigation techniques on the performance of indoor power line communication (PLC) systems. While these techniques were studied extensively under additive Gaussian noise, we aim at highlighting the implications of Nakagami-like noise on the achievable performance levels. The author derive approximate closed-form expressions for the bit error rate (BER) under Rayleigh fading and Nakagami-m background noise where the obtained approximations are very close to the exact BERs. The derived expressions are useful for evaluating the achievable diversity orders and for relating the BER to the main parameters of the PLC system in a direct and intuitive way. In this context, we analytically prove that MIMO doubles the diversity order with different combining schemes while the diversity order of a system under Nakagami-like noise is only half the diversity order that would have been obtained under Gaussian noise. The author also shows that multi-hop relaying does not enhance the diversity order.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/iet-com.2017.0126

Power line communications under Rayleigh fading and Nakagami noise: novel insights on the MIMO and multi-hop techniques

Power line communication (PLC) systems are being standardized over the globe and some of these standards recommended frequency shift keying (FSK) as their modulation choice. Broadband transmission over a PLC channel is mainly affected by the ever-present background noise and the occasional high-amplitude impulses. It has been recently found that the background noise in PLC can be suitably modelled with Nakagami-m distribution while a standard model for characterizing impulses is to assume Gaussian distributed amplitude and Poisson distributed arrivals. Considering such a model, at first, simple analytical bit error rate (BER) expressions of uncoded binary FSK (BFSK) signals are derived in the paper. Next, a unified analytical framework is presented for evaluating BER when a Reed Solomon (RS) code is used to mitigate the noise effects. The results reveal that when the signal to background noise ratio (SNR) is low, the noise parameter m and the demodulation scheme affects the performance of the coded system. On the contrary, at higher SNR, impulsive noise dominates over background noise, and these effects vanish as the BER curve becomes flat. Numerical evaluations dictated that by allowing a lower code rate (0.7) this error floor may be reduced significantly (up to 10−15). The code gain of the system was found to be an inverse function of the code rate and codeword length.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6808269/6812309/06812369.pdf

Kalyan Sharma

Papers

Error performance of RS coded binary FSK in PLC channels with Nakagami and impulsive noise

Bit error rate of RS coded BFSK in broadband powerline channels with background Nakagami and impulsive noise