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Kamal Kant

Bio: Kamal Kant is an academic researcher from Birla Institute of Technology and Science. The author has contributed to research in topics: Japanese encephalitis & Population. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 3 publications receiving 19 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Virtual ligand screening (VLS) method is undertaken to screen out selected phytoconstituents of Genus Arisaema against various targets of JEVs which exhibits vital role in replication, infection cycle and host interaction by using molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics simulations.
Abstract: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection affects millions of population worldwide whose incidence is increasing year by year and currently, no specific drugs are available for its treatment. How...

24 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
14 Oct 2020
TL;DR: A unique identification system is proposed for monitoring the most recently discovered coronavirus (COVID-19), which took a large number of lives in a different country by using the Internet of Things.
Abstract: In this paper, a unique identification system is proposed for monitoring the most recently discovered coronavirus (COVID-19). This infectious disease took a large number of lives in a different country. This proposed system can monitor the users from COVID-19 by using the Internet of Things(IoT). A system is designed where thermal scanning of the human body by a sensor and daily the record of the same user is being stored in the database. For identification of each user, there is a development of QR code which is a one-time generation process. If a person having a normal GSM phone then there will be a unique identification number is generated and shared with the operator who registers them to the system so that they can also take benefits. If any person or user having some symptoms and while scanning via a thermal scanner if their body temperature will be 100F or more then a pop-up message will generate and via the audio system will ask him or she is suffering from fever, shore throat, and difficulty in breathing. If a person having all these symptoms then our system will send a message to their mobile for consulting the doctor or for a test. Our proposed system is untouched and operates automatically.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
31 Mar 2020
TL;DR: The differences between new and old Legislation and when they come into play are explained and a brief examination of current challenges and future perspectives of periodic safety update reporting is provided.
Abstract: Periodic safety update report (PSUR) is now known as the Periodic Benefit-Risk Evaluation Report (PBRER). In July 2012, as per the new European Legislation, 16 Good Pharmacovigilance Practices (GVP) modules came into effect by replacing Vol 9A guidelines. GVP module VII provides the guidance for the preparation, submission and assessment of PSURs. There are twice as many sections to the new PSUR as compared to ICH E2C (R1) document and Volume 9A PSUR guidelines. The new legislation mainly focuses on benefit-risk assessment of medicinal product and promises much more, but after more than 6 years, how much new lesiglation is able to deliver is still unclear. In the literature, various articles have been published regarding the new Legislation module VII but none of them have highlighted the differences between old and new Legislation, How successful are we? What challenges are we facing? The understanding all these points is the need of the hour for Pharmacovigilance audience which will be helpful to implement the Pharmacovigilance (PV) in a more efficient and effective way. Thus, in this article, we have explained the differences between new and old Legislation and when they come into play. Finally, this article provides a brief examination of current challenges and future perspectives of periodic safety update reporting.

2 citations


Cited by
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Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Asia, focusing on rural and suburban areas where rice culture and pig farming coexist.
Abstract: Introduction Japanese encephalitis (JE) is among the most important viral encephalitides in Asia, especially in rural and suburban areas where rice culture and pig farming coexist. (1-3) It has also occurred rarely and sporadically in northern Australia and parts of the Western Pacific. (4-6) JE is due to infection with the JE virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus. The main JEV transmission cycle involves Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes and similar species that lay eggs in rice paddies and other open water sources, with pigs and aquatic birds as principal vertebrate amplifying hosts. (1,2,7) Humans are generally thought to be dead-end JEV hosts, i.e. they seldom develop enough viremia to infect feeding mosquitoes. Fewer than 1% of human JEV infections result in JE. Approximately 20-30% of JE cases are fatal and 30-50% of survivors have significant neurologic sequelae. (8) JE is primarily a disease of children and most adults in endemic countries have natural immunity after childhood infection, but all age groups are affected. In most temperate areas of Asia, JEV is transmitted mainly during the warm season, when large epidemics can occur. In the tropics and subtropics, transmission can occur year-round but often intensifes during the rainy season. (1-3) The global incidence of JE is unknown because the intensity and quality of JE surveillance and the availability of diagnostic laboratory testing vary throughout the world. Countries that have implemented high-quality childhood JE vaccination programmes have seen a dramatic decline in JE incidence. Although JE is reportable to the World Health Organization (WHO) by its Member States, reporting is highly variable and incomplete. In the late 1980s, Burke and Leake estimated that 50 000 new cases of JE occurred annually among the 2.4 billion people living in the 16 Asian countries considered endemic at the time (approximate overall annual incidence: 2 per 100 000). (2) In the intervening two decades, despite major population growth, urbanization, changes in agricultural practices and increased use of the JE vaccine in many countries, this figure has been widely quoted, including very recently. (9-13) In 2000, assuming an annual, age-group-specific incidence of 25 cases per 100 000, Tsai estimated that in the absence of vaccination 175 000 cases of JE would occur annually among Asian children aged 0-14 years living in rural areas. (14) The current study used more recent, published, local or national incidence estimates and current population data to produce an updated estimate of the annual global incidence of JE. Methods We approximated the JE-affected territory of each of the 24 countries endemic for JE using a recent update (15) of an earlier approximation by Tsai (16) with some modifications (Table 1, available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/ volumes/89/10/10-085233). Based on these same approximations, (15,16) we then stratified the JE-affected territory of some countries (e.g. China excluding Taiwan, India and Nepal) into two or more incidence strata. Because suitable studies of JE incidence were not available for every endemic country or incidence stratum, we sorted JE-endemic countries and incidence strata into 10 incidence groups (A, B, C1, C2 and D through I) based primarily on geographic proximity, ecologic similarity, vaccine programme similarity. Table 1 briefly describes the status of each endemic country's JE vaccination programme as of 2009, according to recent publications and unpublished sources. (8,17-20) Incidence data We identified studies that contained potentially useful data on the incidence of JE in Asia in a manner similar to the one used in a recent study of global typhoid fever incidence. (21) Whenever possible, this review followed the relevant guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). (22) The review process is described as follows and no protocol is available. …

539 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a literature-based study may guide professionals in envisaging solutions to related problems and fighting against the COVID-19 type pandemic, which is a need to study different applications of IoT enabled healthcare.
Abstract: Background/objectives The Internet of Things (IoT) can create disruptive innovation in healthcare Thus, during COVID-19 Pandemic, there is a need to study different applications of IoT enabled healthcare For this, a brief study is required for research directions Methods Research papers on IoT in healthcare and COVID-19 Pandemic are studied to identify this technology’s capabilities This literature-based study may guide professionals in envisaging solutions to related problems and fighting against the COVID-19 type pandemic Results Briefly studied the significant achievements of IoT with the help of a process chart Then identifies seven major technologies of IoT that seem helpful for healthcare during COVID-19 Pandemic Finally, the study identifies sixteen basic IoT applications for the medical field during the COVID-19 Pandemic with a brief description of them Conclusions In the current scenario, advanced information technologies have opened a new door to innovation in our daily lives Out of these information technologies, the Internet of Things is an emerging technology that provides enhancement and better solutions in the medical field, like proper medical record-keeping, sampling, integration of devices, and causes of diseases IoT’s sensor-based technology provides an excellent capability to reduce the risk of surgery during complicated cases and helpful for COVID-19 type pandemic In the medical field, IoT’s focus is to help perform the treatment of different COVID-19 cases precisely It makes the surgeon job easier by minimising risks and increasing the overall performance By using this technology, doctors can easily detect changes in critical parameters of the COVID-19 patient This information-based service opens up new healthcare opportunities as it moves towards the best way of an information system to adapt world-class results as it enables improvement of treatment systems in the hospital Medical students can now be better trained for disease detection and well guided for the future course of action IoT’s proper usage can help correctly resolve different medical challenges like speed, price, and complexity It can easily be customised to monitor calorific intake and treatment like asthma, diabetes, and arthritis of the COVID-19 patient This digitally controlled health management system can improve the overall performance of healthcare during COVID-19 pandemic days

141 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the Japanese encephalitis virus life cycle and how the cellular stress responses dictate the pathobiology and resulting immune response is provided in this paper, where modulation of these stress pathways could be a potential strategy to develop therapeutic interventions, and define the persisting challenges.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sarma et al. as mentioned in this paper evaluated the antibacterial activity of α, β-amyrin mixture isolated from Protium heptaphyllum against the multidrug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli 06 and Staphylococcus aureus 10.
Abstract: The use of the bacterial efflux pump mechanism to reduce the concentrations of antibiotics in the intracellular to the extracellular region is one of the main mechanisms by which bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the α,β-amyrin mixture isolated from Protium heptaphyllum against the multidrug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli 06 and Staphylococcus aureus 10, and to verify the inhibition of the efflux resistance mechanisms against the strains of S. aureus 1199B and K2068, carrying the NorA and MepA efflux pumps, respectively. The α,β-amyrin did not show clinically relevant direct bacterial activity. However, the α,β-amyrin when associated with the gentamicin antibiotic presented synergistic effect against the multidrug-resistant bacterial strain of S. aureus 10. In strains with efflux pumps, α,β-amyrin was able to inhibit the action of the efflux protein NorA against Ethidium Bromide. However, this inhibitory effect was not observed in the MepA efflux pump. In addition, when evaluating the effect of standard efflux pump inhibitors, clorptomazine and CCCP, α,β-amyrin showed a decrease in MIC, demonstrating the presence of the efflux mechanism through synergism. Docking studies indicate that α, β-amyrin have a higher affinity energy to MepA, and NorA than ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Also, α, β-amyrin bind to the same region of the binding site as these antibiotics. It was concluded that the α, β-amyrin has the potential to increase antibacterial activity with the association of antibiotics, together with the ability to be a strong candidate for an efflux pump inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a literature search was performed using databases such as PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, etc. using keywords such as Japanese encephalitis virus, antivirus drugs, antiviral drug screening, and antivirus drug targets, whereas 180 most relevant and important ones have been cited.

10 citations