Author
Kandasamy Prabakar
Other affiliations: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Toyama, Jamal Mohamed College ...read more
Bio: Kandasamy Prabakar is an academic researcher from Pusan National University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Thin film & Dye-sensitized solar cell. The author has an hindex of 32, co-authored 139 publications receiving 3065 citations. Previous affiliations of Kandasamy Prabakar include Pacific Northwest National Laboratory & University of Toyama.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The contamination of sediments by untreated or partially treated effluent water can affect the quality of ecosystem, and the reduction of contaminants from the source is recommended for further improvement of water quality.
Abstract: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) receive the effluents from various sources (communities, industrial, and hospital effluents) and are recognized as reservoir for antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) that are associated with clinical pathogens. The aquatic environment is considered a hot-spot for horizontal gene transfer, and lake sediments offer the opportunity for reconstructing the pollution history and evaluating the impacts. In this context, variation with depth and time of the total bacterial load, the abundance of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB; E. coli and Enterococcus spp. (ENT)), Pseudomonas spp., and ARGs (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaNDM, and aadA) were quantified in sediment profiles of different parts of Lake Geneva using quantitative PCR. The abundance of bacterial marker genes was identified in sediments contaminated by WWTP following eutrophication of the lake. Additionally, ARGs, including the extended-spectrum s-lactam- and aminoglycoside-resistance genes, were identified in the surface sediments. The ARG and FIB abundance strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.403, p < 0.05, n = 34) with organic matter and metal concentrations in the sediments, indicating a common and contemporary source of contamination. The contamination of sediments by untreated or partially treated effluent water can affect the quality of ecosystem. Therefore, the reduction of contaminants from the source is recommended for further improvement of water quality.
139 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a symmetric supercapacitor with a pore volume of 1.83 cm3 was constructed from wood carbon waste blocks and achieved a specific capacitance of 588 F g−1 at 0.4 V in 6 m KOH and 0 2 V in 1 m Na2SO4 electrolyte, respectively.
125 citations
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TL;DR: The occurrence of emerging biological contaminants including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and Faecal Indicator Bacteria is still little investigated in developing countries under tropical conditions, indicating a common origin and extant source of contamination in tropical aquatic ecosystems receiving wastewaters.
Abstract: The occurrence of emerging biological contaminants including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and Faecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) is still little investigated in developing countries under tropical conditions. In this study, the total bacterial load, the abundance of FIB (E. coli and Enterococcus spp. (ENT)), Pseudomonas spp. and ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaNDM and aadA) were quantified using quantitative PCR in the total DNA extracted from the sediments recovered from hospital outlet pipes (HOP) and the Cauvery River Basin (CRB), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. The abundance of bacterial marker genes were 120, 104 and 89 fold higher for the E. coli, Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp., respectively at HOP when compared with CRB. The ARGs aadA and blaTEM were most frequently detected in higher concentration than other ARGs at all the sampling sites. The ARGs blaSHV and blaNDM were identified in CRB sediments contaminated by hospital and urban wastewaters. The ARGs abundance strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.36, p < 0.05, n = 45) with total bacterial load and E. coli in the sediments, indicating a common origin and extant source of contamination. Tropical aquatic ecosystems receiving wastewaters can act as reservoir of ARGs, which could potentially be transferred to susceptible bacterial pathogens at these sites.
108 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of thickness on the net dielectric constant was studied in detail, and it was found that the relaxation times decrease with increasing measuring temperatures, suggesting that the net relaxation phenomenon is associated with the charge carrier transport mechanism.
Abstract: Cd0.6Zn0.4Te thin films of different thicknesses were prepared by the thermal evaporation technique onto well-cleaned Corning glass substrates. The dielectric properties of Al/Cd0.6Zn0.4Te/Al sandwich structures were studied in the frequency range 50 Hz–4 MHz and in the temperature range 300–420 K. The effect of thickness on the net dielectric constant was studied in detail. The bulk dielectric constant was calculated as 13.5, which is consistent with the value of 11.5–8.2 measured at 1 MHz for the films of different thickness varying between 120 and 850 nm. The relaxation phenomenon present in the films is due to the presence of grains and grain boundaries across the film thickness. The relaxation times decrease with increasing measuring temperatures, suggesting that the net relaxation phenomenon is associated with the charge carrier transport mechanism. The grain boundary activation energies, calculated from the spectroscopic plot, vary between 0.61 and 0.53 eV. The variation of conductivity as a function of temperature and frequency reveals non-adiabatic hopping of charge carriers between impurity sites/localized states and the activation energies are found to vary between 0.28 and 0.11 eV. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
106 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a single crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod array has been used for the fabrication of CdSe/CdS/PbS/QD sensitized solar cell (QDSSC).
102 citations
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TL;DR: Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting and its Applications d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 4.4.1.
Abstract: 2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519
6,332 citations
01 Nov 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries with respect to the same charge/discharge efficiency, and showed that the battery can achieve energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher with a power density of 1.2 kW/kg.
Abstract: The science and technology of ultracapacitors are reviewed for a number of electrode materials, including carbon, mixed metal oxides, and conducting polymers. More work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and an organic electrolytes. The energy density of these devices is 3¯5 Wh/kg with a power density of 300¯500 W/kg for high efficiency (90¯95%) charge/discharges. Projections of future developments using carbon indicate that energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher are likely with power densities of 1¯2 kW/kg. A key problem in the fabrication of these advanced devices is the bonding of the thin electrodes to a current collector such the contact resistance is less than 0.1 cm2. Special attention is given in the paper to comparing the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries. The comparisons should be made at the same charge/discharge efficiency.
2,437 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, three major ways to utilize semiconductor dots in solar cell include (i) metal−semiconductor or Schottky junction photovoltaic cell, (ii) polymer−smiconductor hybrid solar cell, and (iii) quantum dot sensitized solar cell.
Abstract: The emergence of semiconductor nanocrystals as the building blocks of nanotechnology has opened up new ways to utilize them in next generation solar cells. This paper focuses on the recent developments in the utilization of semiconductor quantum dots for light energy conversion. Three major ways to utilize semiconductor dots in solar cell include (i) metal−semiconductor or Schottky junction photovoltaic cell (ii) polymer−semiconductor hybrid solar cell, and (iii) quantum dot sensitized solar cell. Modulation of band energies through size control offers new ways to control photoresponse and photoconversion efficiency of the solar cell. Various strategies to maximize photoinduced charge separation and electron transfer processes for improving the overall efficiency of light energy conversion are discussed. Capture and transport of charge carriers within the semiconductor nanocrystal network to achieve efficient charge separation at the electrode surface remains a major challenge. Directing the future resear...
2,434 citations
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TL;DR: Transparent conductors (TCs) have a multitude of applications for solar energy utilization and for energy savings, especially in buildings as discussed by the authors, which leads naturally to considerations of spectral selectivity, angular selectivity, and temporal variability of TCs, as covered in three subsequent sections.
1,471 citations