https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

Over the past ten years, scientific and technological advances have established biocatalysis as a practical and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional metallo- and organocatalysis in chemical synthesis, both in the laboratory and on an industrial scale. Key advances in DNA sequencing and gene synthesis are at the base of tremendous progress in tailoring biocatalysts by protein engineering and design, and the ability to reorganize enzymes into new biosynthetic pathways. To highlight these achievements, here we discuss applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step.

Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis

http://www.chtf.stuba.sk/~szolcsanyi/education/files/Organicka%20chemia%20II/Prednaska%208_Aminokyseliny%20a%20peptidy/Doplnkove%20studijne%20materialy/Amide%20bond%20formation/Amide%20bond%20formation.pdf

Amide bond formation and peptide coupling

Roger Sheldon (1942) received a PhD in organic chemistry from the University of Leicester (UK) in 1967. This was followed by post-doctoral studies with Prof. Jay Kochi in the U.S. From 1969 to 1980 he was with Shell Research in Amsterdam and from 1980 to 1990 he was R&D Director of DSM Andeno. In 1991 he moved to his present position as Professor of organic chemistry and catalysis at the Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands). His primary research interests are in the application of catalytic methodologies—homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic—in organic synthesis, particularly in relation to fine chemicals production. He developed the concepts of E factors and atom utilization for assessing the environmental impact of chemical processes.

Biocatalysis in ionic liquids

Recent advances in transition metal catalyzed oxidation of organic substrates with molecular oxygen.

VOLUME 1 PART I PRINCIPLES OF ENZYME CATALYSIS Introduction - Principles and Historical Landmarks of Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis Concepts in Biocatalysis Discovery of Enzymes Rational Design of Enzymes Directed Evolution of Enzymes Production and Isolation of Enzymes Reaction and Process Engineering PART II HYDROLYSIS AND FORMATION OF C-O BONDS Hydrolysis and Formation of Carboxylic Acid Esters Hydrolysis and Formation of Epoxides Hydrolysis and Formation of Glycosidic Bonds Addition of Water to C C Bonds and its Elimination Industrial Application and Processes Forming C-O Bonds VOLUME 2 PART III HYDROLYSIS AND FORMATION OF C-N BONDS Hydrolysis of Nitriles to Amides Hydrolysis of Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids Hydrolysis of Amides Hydrolysis and Formation of Hydantoins Hydrolysis and Synthesis of Peptides C-N Lyases Catalyzing Addition of Ammonia, Amines, and Amides to C C and C O Bonds Application of Transaminases Industrial Applications and Processes Using Enzymes Acting on C-N Bonds PART IV FORMATION AND CLEAVAGE OF C-C BONDS Aldol Reactions Acyloin and Benzoin Condensations Cleavage and Formation of Cyanohydrins Industrial Application and Processes Using Carbon-Carbon Lyases PART V HYDROLYSIS AND FORMATION OF P-O BONDS Hydrolysis and formation of P-O Bonds PART VI REDUCTIONS Reduction of Ketones and Aldehydes to Alcohols Reduction of C C Double Bonds Reductive Amination of Keto Acids Industrial Application of Oxidoreductase catalyzed Reduction of Ketones and Aldehydes VOLUME 3 PART VII OXIDATIONS Oxyfunctionalization of C-H Bonds Oxyfunctionalization of C-C Multiple Bonds Oxidation of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Acids Baeyer-Villiger Oxidations Aromatic Oxidations Oxidation of C-N Bonds Oxidation at Sulfur and Oxidation of Amino Groups Halogenation Industrial Application and Processes Using Biocatalysts for Oxidation Reactions PART VIII ISOMERIZATIONS Isomerizations Industrial Application and Processes Using Isomerases PART IX EXTENDED APPLICATIONS OF ENZYME CATALYSIS Enzymatic Catalytic Promiscuity and the Design of New Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions Catalytic Antibodies Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution and Related Dynamic Asymmetric Transformations Biocatalysis in Material Science Industrial Applications of Enzymes in Emerging Areas PART X TABULAR SURVEY OF AVAILABLE ENZYMES Tabular Survey of Available Enzymes

Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

For almost 50 years now, biotechnological production processes have been used for industrial production of amino acids. Market development has been particularly dynamic for the flavor-enhancer glutamate and the animal feed amino acids L: -lysine, L: -threonine, and L: -tryptophan, which are produced by fermentation processes using high-performance strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli from sugar sources such as molasses, sucrose, or glucose. But the market for amino acids in synthesis is also becoming increasingly important, with annual growth rates of 5-7%. The use of enzymes and whole cell biocatalysts has proven particularly valuable in production of both proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic L: -amino acids, D: -amino acids, and enantiomerically pure amino acid derivatives, which are of great interest as building blocks for active ingredients that are applied as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agricultural products. Nutrition and health will continue to be the driving forces for exploiting the potential of microorganisms, and possibly also of suitable plants, to arrive at even more efficient processes for amino acid production.

Biotechnological production of amino acids and derivatives: current status and prospects

Production and isolation of enzymes immobilization of enzymes reaction techniques use of growing or resting cells applications of enqumes in organic synthesis hydrolysis and formation of C-O bonds, C-N bonds, P-O bonds formation of C-C bonds reduction reactions oxidation reactions isomerizations introduction and removal of protecting groups extremophiles catalytic antibodies enqumatic analysis and biosensors prtoein engineering tabular survey of commercially available enzymes.

Enzyme catalysis in organic synthesis : a comprehensive handbook

The search for and development of new pharmaceutically active structures drives the need for new enantiomerically pure compounds (EPC). Many N-containing structures can be derived beneficially from either l - or d -amino acids [K. Drauz, Chimia 51 (1997) 310–314.]. The largest growth occurs in the area of unnatural amino acids. Two examples discussed from the Degussa portfolio concern (i) d -amino acids [A.S. Bommarius, M. Kottenhahn, H. Klenk, K. Drauz, NATO ASI Series C 381 (1992) 161–174.] as components of LHRH antagonists of which the Degussa's Cetrorelix is a prime example as well as (ii) l - tert -leucine, occurring in a fast-growing number of pharmaceutical compounds under development [A.S. Bommarius, M. Schwarm, K. Stingl, M. Kottenhahn, K. Huthmacher, K. Drauz, Tetrahedron Asymmetry 6 (1995) 2851–2888.]. For d -amino acids, results of the hydantoinase/carbamoylase route will be presented while redox catalysis by way of reductive amination is a suitable process to l - tert -leucine. The number of biocatalytic applications is growing and an updated list is discussed. The presentation will also cover comparisons of biocatalysis with potentially competitive technologies such as enantioselective crystallization, chemical asymmetric synthesis, or chromatographic separation of racemates. Future trends relevant to the perspective for biocatalysis include the need for ever more complex chiral molecules as well as shortened development times in the pharmaceutical industry.

Biocatalysis to amino acid-based chiral pharmaceuticals—examples and perspectives

Enantioselective reduction of ketones with "designer cells" at high substrate concentrations: highly efficient access to functionalized optically active alcohols.

Karlheinz Drauz

Papers

Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

Biotechnological production of amino acids and derivatives: current status and prospects

Enzyme catalysis in organic synthesis : a comprehensive handbook

Biocatalysis to amino acid-based chiral pharmaceuticals—examples and perspectives

Enantioselective reduction of ketones with "designer cells" at high substrate concentrations: highly efficient access to functionalized optically active alcohols.