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Katja Schmied

Bio: Katja Schmied is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fusion protein & Green fluorescent protein. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 24 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The intracellular dynamics of the Arabidopsis MYB transcription factor LHY/CCA1-like 1 (LCL1) that contains both a nuclear import and a nuclear export signal was quantitatively investigated and an export-negative mutant of LCL1 remained trapped inside the nucleus.

24 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure, evolution, and function of GFP-like proteins and their numerous applications for in vivo imaging are focused on, with particular attention to recent techniques.
Abstract: Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its homologs from diverse marine animals are widely used as universal genetically encoded fluorescent labels. Many laboratories have focused their efforts on identification and development of fluorescent proteins with novel characteristics and enhanced properties, resulting in a powerful toolkit for visualization of structural organization and dynamic processes in living cells and organisms. The diversity of currently available fluorescent proteins covers nearly the entire visible spectrum, providing numerous alternative possibilities for multicolor labeling and studies of protein interactions. Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins enable tracking of photolabeled molecules and cells in space and time and can also be used for super-resolution imaging. Genetically encoded sensors make it possible to monitor the activity of enzymes and the concentrations of various analytes. Fast-maturing fluorescent proteins, cell clocks, and timers further expand the options for real time studies in living tissues. Here we focus on the structure, evolution, and function of GFP-like proteins and their numerous applications for in vivo imaging, with particular attention to recent techniques.

1,214 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The basic architecture of a multiphoton microscope capable of real-time analysis of cellular structure and function is discussed and the state-of-the-art technologies for the quantitative imaging of biological phenomena are summarized.
Abstract: The ability to dynamically image features deep within living organisms, permitting real-time analysis of cellular structure and function, is important for biological science. This Review article discusses multiphoton microscopy capable of such analysis, along with technologies that are pushing the limits of phenomena that can be quantitatively imaged.

441 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is still room for further improvement of these important markers for live cell imaging, and special FP variants with low switching fatigue have been introduced in recent years.
Abstract: Fluorescent proteins (FPs) from the GFP family have become indispensable as marker tools for imaging live cells, tissues and entire organisms. A wide variety of these proteins have been isolated from natural sources and engineered to optimize their properties as genetically encoded markers. Here we review recent developments in this field. A special focus is placed on photoactivatable FPs, for which the fluorescence emission can be controlled by light irradiation at specific wavelengths. They enable regional optical marking in pulse-chase experiments on live cells and tissues, and they are essential marker tools for live-cell optical imaging with super-resolution. Photoconvertible FPs, which can be activated irreversibly via a photo-induced chemical reaction that either turns on their emission or changes their emission wavelength, are excellent markers for localization-based super-resolution microscopy (e.g., PALM). Patterned illumination microscopy (e.g., RESOLFT), however, requires markers that can be reversibly photoactivated many times. Photoswitchable FPs can be toggled repeatedly between a fluorescent and a non-fluorescent state by means of a light-induced chromophore isomerization coupled to a protonation reaction. We discuss the mechanistic origins of the effect and illustrate how photoswitchable FPs are employed in RESOLFT imaging. For this purpose, special FP variants with low switching fatigue have been introduced in recent years. Despite nearly two decades of FP engineering by many laboratories, there is still room for further improvement of these important markers for live cell imaging.

294 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Interestingly, several mutants in genes encoding components of the plant nuclear transport machinery were investigated, revealing differential sensitivity of plant-specific pathways to impaired nuclear transport, unravelling connections between nuclear transport and components of signalling and developmental pathways.
Abstract: Transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is an essential necessity in eukaryotic cells, since the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation. In the past few years, an increasing number of components of the plant nuclear transport machinery have been characterised. This progress, although far from being completed, confirmed that the general characteristics of nuclear transport are conserved between plants and other organisms. However, plant-specific components were also identified. Interestingly, several mutants in genes encoding components of the plant nuclear transport machinery were investigated, revealing differential sensitivity of plant-specific pathways to impaired nuclear transport. These findings attracted attention towards plant-specific cargoes that are transported over the nuclear envelope, unravelling connections between nuclear transport and components of signalling and developmental pathways. The current state of research in plants is summarised in comparison to yeast and vertebrate systems, and special emphasis is given to plant nuclear transport mutants.

83 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent studies are uncovering the sophistication and complexity of the processes that use the canonical transport machinery in the service of a diversity of signaling pathways.

58 citations