Kenneth B. Eisenthal

Bio: Kenneth B. Eisenthal is an academic researcher from Columbia University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Excited state & Solvation. The author has an hindex of 61, co-authored 189 publications receiving 12685 citations. Previous affiliations of Kenneth B. Eisenthal include IBM & University of South Carolina.

Liquid interfaces probed by second-harmonic and sum-frequency spectroscopy

Abstract: A powerful approach to the study of interfaces has been developing rapidly in the past decade. It is based on the spectroscopic methods of second-harmonic (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG). These nonlinear optical techniques, being spectroscopic, provide information at the most fundamental level. A microscopic description of equilibrium and dynamic interface processes requires knowledge of the molecules at the interface, their orientational structure, the energetics that drive chemical and physical processes, and the time scale of molecular motions and relaxation processes. The techniques of second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation have made it possible to selectively probe the chemistry, physics, and biology of gas/liquid, liquid/liquid, liquid/solid, gas/solid, and solid/solid interfaces at the molecular level. In this abbreviated article only liquid interfaces will be considered; gas/solid and solid/solid interfaces are not included. This restriction is necessary because of the enormous increase in SH and SF studies in recent years, which makes it extremely difficult to properly discuss the range of work being carried out around the world. Unfortunately not all of the fine work even in the area of liquid interfaces has been included because of both space and time limitations. A number of review articles are referred to which cover some ofmore » the research material not covered in this article. 99 refs.« less

Role of water in electron-initiated processes and radical chemistry: issues and scientific advances.

Abstract: Chemical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352; Department of Chemistry, ShelbyHall, University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336; Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 0520-8107; Argonne NationalLaboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439; Department of Computer Science and Department of Physics, 2710 University Drive,Washington State University, Richland, Washington 99352-1671; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road Mailstop 1-0472,Berkeley, California 94720; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300,Austin, Texas 78712; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, SC-141/Germantown Building, 1000 Independence Avenue,S.W., Washington, D.C. 20585-1290; Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson,Hoboken, New Jersey 07030; Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 34th and Charles Streets, Baltimore, Maryland 21218;Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1062; Department of Chemistry, The Ohio StateUniversity, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Box 3107, Havemeyer Hall,New York, New York 10027; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Parkman Avenue and University Drive,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000; Department of Physics andAstronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8019; Department of Chemistry,516 Rowland Hall, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford LinearAccelerator Center, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Mail Stop 69, Menlo Park, California 94025; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute ofTechnology, 770 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400; Geology Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue,Davis, California 95616-8605; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue,Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084Received July 23, 2004

Second-Harmonic Rayleigh Scattering from a Sphere of Centrosymmetric Material

Abstract: The analysis presented here reveals the leading-order contributions to SHRS arise from two sources: nonlocal excitation of an electric-dipole moment E1 and local excitation of the electric-quadrupole moment E2. The presence of these two sources and their distinct radiation patterns cause the SHRS process to differ significantly from that of LRS. In this Letter, we examine the nature of the radiation pattern for SHRS and present new selection rules, including the prohibition of nonlinear scattering along the forward and backward directions. From this analysis of the radiation process, we are able to give protocols for determining, as completely as possible, the surface nonlinear susceptibility tensor for the sphere. Consideration of the SHRS efficiency compared with that for a planar surface allows us to estimate the minimum particle size (radius a 5 nm) for which SHRS scattering is expected to be readily observable. With respect to spectral characteristics, the basic variation of the scattered power in SHRS is found to scale with the frequency as v 6 , in contrast to the classic v 4 dependence of LRS. In addition, we predict new resonances for metallic particles arising from excitation of both dipole and quadrupole surface plasmons. The problem of SHRS is described schematically in Fig. 1. We wish to determine the SH radiation in the far field for nonlinear scattering from a sphere of radius a much less than the optical wavelength l. We treat the nonlinear response of the sphere as a thin layer localized at the surface of the sphere and represented by a surface

Theory of Fluorescence Depolarization by Anisotropic Rotational Diffusion

Abstract: The general expressions for the time‐dependent fluorescence depolarization caused by anisotropic rotation diffusion have been obtained. It is shown that after an instantaneous exciting light pulse, the parallel and perpendicular components of fluorescence can have a maximum of six exponential decays and the difference of these two components a maximum of five decays. The present results differ from those of previous studies and the differences are discussed.

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

The Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles: The Influence of Size, Shape, and Dielectric Environment

Abstract: The optical properties of metal nanoparticles have long been of interest in physical chemistry, starting with Faraday's investigations of colloidal gold in the middle 1800s. More recently, new lithographic techniques as well as improvements to classical wet chemistry methods have made it possible to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles with a wide range of sizes, shapes, and dielectric environments. In this feature article, we describe recent progress in the theory of nanoparticle optical properties, particularly methods for solving Maxwell's equations for light scattering from particles of arbitrary shape in a complex environment. Included is a description of the qualitative features of dipole and quadrupole plasmon resonances for spherical particles; a discussion of analytical and numerical methods for calculating extinction and scattering cross-sections, local fields, and other optical properties for nonspherical particles; and a survey of applications to problems of recent interest involving triangula...

Structural Changes Accompanying Intramolecular Electron Transfer: Focus on Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer States and Structures

Abstract: 6. Rehybridization of the Acceptor (RICT) 3908 7. Planarization of the Molecule (PICT) 3909 III. Fluorescence Spectroscopy 3909 A. Solvent Effects and the Model Compounds 3909 1. Solvent Effects on the Spectra 3909 2. Steric Effects and Model Compounds 3911 3. Bandwidths 3913 4. Isoemissive Points 3914 B. Dipole Moments 3915 C. Radiative Rates and Transition Moments 3916 1. Quantum Yields and Radiationless Deactivation Processes 3916

Interparticle Coupling Effect on the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Gold Nanoparticles: From Theory to Applications

Abstract: 12.2.2. Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) 4849 12.2.3. Dye Aggregation 4850 12.2.4. Optoelectronic Nanodevices 4850 12.3. Sensor 4851 12.3.1. Chemical Sensor 4851 12.3.2. Biological Sensor 4851 12.4. Catalysis 4852 13. Conclusion and Perspectives 4852 14. Abbreviations 4853 15. Acknowledgements 4854 16. References 4854 * Corresponding author E-mail: tpal@chem.iitkgp.ernet.in. † Raidighi College. § Indian Institute of Technology. 4797 Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 4797−4862