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Kenneth Mellanby

Bio: Kenneth Mellanby is an academic researcher from Cardiff University. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 275 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1978-Nature
TL;DR: Why Big Fierce Animals are Rare: An Ecologist's Perspective as discussed by the authors, by Paul Colinvaux. Pp.236, p.9.50. (Princeton University Press: New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1978)
Abstract: Why Big Fierce Animals are Rare: An Ecologist's Perspective. By Paul Colinvaux. Pp.236. (Princeton University Press: New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1978.) $9.50.

283 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The recent rapid progress in the statistical physics of evolving networks is reviewed, and how growing networks self-organize into scale-free structures is discussed, and the role of the mechanism of preferential linking is investigated.
Abstract: We review the recent rapid progress in the statistical physics of evolving networks. Interest has focused mainly on the structural properties of complex networks in communications, biology, social sciences and economics. A number of giant artificial networks of this kind have recently been created, which opens a wide field for the study of their topology, evolution, and the complex processes which occur in them. Such networks possess a rich set of scaling properties. A number of them are scale-free and show striking resilience against random breakdowns. In spite of the large sizes of these networks, the distances between most of their vertices are short - a feature known as the 'small-world' effect. We discuss how growing networks self-organize into scale-free structures, and investigate the role of the mechanism of preferential linking. We consider the topological and structural properties of evolving networks, and percolation and disease spread on these networks. We present a number of models demonstrat...

3,368 citations

Book
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of heuristics for solving problems with probability and statistics, including the Traveling Salesman Problem and the Problem of Who Owns the Zebra.
Abstract: I What Are the Ages of My Three Sons?.- 1 Why Are Some Problems Difficult to Solve?.- II How Important Is a Model?.- 2 Basic Concepts.- III What Are the Prices in 7-11?.- 3 Traditional Methods - Part 1.- IV What Are the Numbers?.- 4 Traditional Methods - Part 2.- V What's the Color of the Bear?.- 5 Escaping Local Optima.- VI How Good Is Your Intuition?.- 6 An Evolutionary Approach.- VII One of These Things Is Not Like the Others.- 7 Designing Evolutionary Algorithms.- VIII What Is the Shortest Way?.- 8 The Traveling Salesman Problem.- IX Who Owns the Zebra?.- 9 Constraint-Handling Techniques.- X Can You Tune to the Problem?.- 10 Tuning the Algorithm to the Problem.- XI Can You Mate in Two Moves?.- 11 Time-Varying Environments and Noise.- XII Day of the Week of January 1st.- 12 Neural Networks.- XIII What Was the Length of the Rope?.- 13 Fuzzy Systems.- XIV Everything Depends on Something Else.- 14 Coevolutionary Systems.- XV Who's Taller?.- 15 Multicriteria Decision-Making.- XVI Do You Like Simple Solutions?.- 16 Hybrid Systems.- 17 Summary.- Appendix A: Probability and Statistics.- A.1 Basic concepts of probability.- A.2 Random variables.- A.2.1 Discrete random variables.- A.2.2 Continuous random variables.- A.3 Descriptive statistics of random variables.- A.4 Limit theorems and inequalities.- A.5 Adding random variables.- A.6 Generating random numbers on a computer.- A.7 Estimation.- A.8 Statistical hypothesis testing.- A.9 Linear regression.- A.10 Summary.- Appendix B: Problems and Projects.- B.1 Trying some practical problems.- B.2 Reporting computational experiments with heuristic methods.- References.

2,089 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2007
TL;DR: According to Hitt (1998), "we are on the precipice of an epoch, in the midst of a new economic age, in which twenty-first century organizations are facing a complex competitive landscape driven largely by globalization and the technological revolution" as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: According to Hitt (1998), “we are on the precipice of an epoch,” in the midst of a new economic age, in which twenty-first century organizations are facing a complex competitive landscape driven largely by globalization and the technological revolution. This new age is about an economy where knowledge is a core commodity and the rapid production of knowledge and innovation is critical to organizational survival (Bettis and Hitt, 1995; Boisot, 1998). Consistent with these changes, much discussion is taking place in the management literature regarding challenges facing organizations in a transitioning world (Barkema et al., 2002; Bettis and Hitt, 1995; Child and McGrath, 2001).

1,779 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent developments in non-equilibrium statistical physics is presented, focusing on phase transitions from fluctuating phases into absorbing states, the universality class of directed percolation is investigated in detail.
Abstract: This review addresses recent developments in non-equilibrium statistical physics. Focusing on phase transitions from fluctuating phases into absorbing states, the universality class of directed percolation is investigated in detail. The survey gives a general introduction to various lattice models of directed percolation and studies their scaling properties, field-theoretic aspects, numerical techniques, as well as possible experimental realizations. In addition, several examples of absorbing-state transitions which do not belong to the directed percolation universality class will be discussed. As a closely related technique, we investigate the concept of damage spreading. It is shown that this technique is ambiguous to some extent, making it impossible to define chaotic and regular phases in stochastic non-equilibrium systems. Finally, we discuss various classes of depinning transitions in models for interface growth which are related to phase transitions into absorbing states.

1,475 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that many supply networks emerge rather than result from purposeful design by a singular entity and that the emergent patterns in a supply network can much better be managed through positive feedback, which allows for autonomous action.

1,373 citations