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Kenneth S. Suslick

Other affiliations: Hunter College, Urbana University, Indiana University  ...read more
Bio: Kenneth S. Suslick is an academic researcher from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. The author has contributed to research in topics: Sonoluminescence & Sonochemistry. The author has an hindex of 101, co-authored 475 publications receiving 41105 citations. Previous affiliations of Kenneth S. Suslick include Hunter College & Urbana University.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The chemical effects of ultrasound derive primarily from acoustic cavitation, which results in an enormous concentration of energy from the conversion of the kinetic energy of the liquid motion into heating of the contents of the bubble as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The chemical effects of ultrasound derive primarily from acoustic cavitation. Bubble collapse in liquids results in an enormous concentration of energy from the conversion of the kinetic energy of the liquid motion into heating of the contents of the bubble. The high local temperatures and pressures, combined with extraordinarily rapid cooling, provide a unique means for driving chemical reactions under extreme conditions. A diverse set of applications of ultrasound to enhance chemical reactivity has been explored with important uses in synthetic materials chemistry. For example, the sonochemical decomposition of volatile organometallic precursors in low-volatility solvents produces nanostructured materials in various forms with high catalytic activities. Nanostructured metals, alloys, oxides, carbides and sulfides, nanometer colloids, and nanostructured supported catalysts can all be prepared by this general route. Another important application of sonochemistry in materials chemistry has been the preparation of biomaterials, most notably protein microspheres. Such microspheres have a wide range of biomedical applications, including their use in echo contrast agents for sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, contrast enhancement, and oxygen or drug delivery. Other applications include the modification of polymers and polymer surfaces.

1,550 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The fundamental principles of both synthetic methods and recent development in the applications of ultrasound in nanostructured materials synthesis are summarized.
Abstract: Recent advances in nanostructured materials have been led by the development of new synthetic methods that provide control over size, morphology, and nano/microstructure. The utilization of high intensity ultrasound offers a facile, versatile synthetic tool for nanostructured materials that are often unavailable by conventional methods. The primary physical phenomena associated with ultrasound that are relevant to materials synthesis are cavitation and nebulization. Acoustic cavitation (the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid) creates extreme conditions inside the collapsing bubble and serves as the origin of most sonochemical phenomena in liquids or liquid-solid slurries. Nebulization (the creation of mist from ultrasound passing through a liquid and impinging on a liquid-gas interface) is the basis for ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) with subsequent reactions occurring in the heated droplets of the mist. In both cases, we have examples of phase-separated attoliter microreactors: for sonochemistry, it is a hot gas inside bubbles isolated from one another in a liquid, while for USP it is hot droplets isolated from one another in a gas. Cavitation-induced sonochemistry provides a unique interaction between energy and matter, with hot spots inside the bubbles of approximately 5000 K, pressures of approximately 1000 bar, heating and cooling rates of >10(10) K s(-1); these extraordinary conditions permit access to a range of chemical reaction space normally not accessible, which allows for the synthesis of a wide variety of unusual nanostructured materials. Complementary to cavitational chemistry, the microdroplet reactors created by USP facilitate the formation of a wide range of nanocomposites. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of both synthetic methods and recent development in the applications of ultrasound in nanostructured materials synthesis.

1,501 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Aug 2000-Nature
TL;DR: A simple optical chemical sensing method that utilizes the colour change induced in an array of metalloporphyrin dyes upon ligand binding while minimizing the need for extensive signal transduction hardware is reported.
Abstract: Array-based vapour-sensing devices are used to detect and differentiate between chemically diverse analytes. These systems--based on cross-responsive sensor elements--aim to mimic the mammalian olfactory system by producing composite responses unique to each odorant. Previous work has concentrated on a variety of non-specific chemical interactions to detect non-coordinating organic vapours. But the most odiferous, toxic compounds often bind readily to metal ions. Here we report a simple optical chemical sensing method that utilizes the colour change induced in an array of metalloporphyrin dyes upon ligand binding while minimizing the need for extensive signal transduction hardware. The chemoselective response of a library of immobilized vapour-sensing metalloporphyrin dyes permits the visual identification of a wide range of ligating (alcohols, amines, ethers, phosphines, phosphites, thioethers and thiols) and even weakly ligating (arenes, halocarbons and ketones) vapours. Water vapour does not affect the performance of the device, which shows a good linear response to single analytes, and interpretable responses to analyte mixtures. Unique colour fingerprints can be obtained at analyte concentrations below 2 parts per million, and responses to below 100 parts per billion have been observed. We expect that this type of sensing array will be of practical importance for general-purpose vapour dosimeters and analyte-specific detectors (for insecticides, drugs or neurotoxins, for example).

1,314 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1991-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of metallic glass powders using the microscopically extreme (yet macroscopically mild) conditions induced by high-intensity ultrasound was described, and the results showed that metallic glass powder is a highly active catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and for hydrogenolysis and dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons.
Abstract: AMORPHOUS metallic alloys ('metallic glasses') lack long-range crystalline order and have unique electronic, magnetic and corrosion-resistant properties1–3. Their applications include use in power-transformer cores, magnetic storage media, cryothermometry and corrosion-resistant coatings. The production of metallic glasses is made difficult, however, by the extremely rapid cooling from the melt that is necessary to prevent crystallization. Cooling rates of about 105 to 107 K s−1 are generally required; for comparison, plunging red-hot steel into water produces cooling rates of only about 2,500 K s−1. Metallic glasses can be formed by splattering molten metal on a cold surface using techniques such as gun, roller or splat quenching4,5. Acoustic cavitation is known to induce extreme local heating in otherwise cold liquids, and to provide very rapid cooling rates6–11. Here we describe the synthesis of metallic-glass powders using the microscopically extreme (yet macroscopically mild) conditions induced by high-intensity ultrasound. The sonolysis of iron pentacarbonyl, a volatile organometallic compound, produces nearly pure amorphous iron. This amorphous iron powder is a highly active catalyst for the Fischer–Tropsch hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and for hydrogenolysis and dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons.

1,149 citations