Kenya Sugihara

Bio: Kenya Sugihara is an academic researcher from Mitsubishi Electric. The author has contributed to research in topics: Low-density parity-check code & Forward error correction. The author has an hindex of 10, co-authored 42 publications receiving 466 citations. Previous affiliations of Kenya Sugihara include Mitsubishi & Kyoto University.

A spatially-coupled type LDPC Code with an NCG of 12 dB for optical transmission beyond 100 Gb/s

Abstract: We propose a novel SD-FEC employing the concatenation of a spatially-coupled type irregular LDPC code with a BCH code. Numerical simulations show an NCG of 12.0 dB at a BER of 10-15 with 25.5% redundancy.

Soft-Decision-Based Forward Error Correction for 100 Gb/s Transport Systems

Abstract: Soft-decision-based forward error correction (FEC) and its practical implementation for 100 Gb/s transport systems are discussed. In applying soft-decision FEC to a digital coherent transponder, we address the configuration of the frame structure of the FEC. For dual-polarized multilevel modulation formats, the keys are having the FEC frames constructed individually for each polarization and a multilane distribution architecture to align each frame. We present two types of soft-decision FEC. One is the concatenation of a Reed-Solomon code and a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code with 2-bit soft decision yielding a Q limit of 7.5 dB. The other, even more powerful, is a triple-concatenated FEC, with a pair of concatenated hard-decision-based block codes further concatenated with a soft-decision-based LDPC code for 20.5% redundancy. We expect that the proposed triple-concatenated codes can achieve a Q limit of 6.4 dB and a net coding gain of 10.8 dB at a post-FEC bit error ratio of 10-15. For the practical implementation of soft-decision FEC for 100 Gb/s systems, we developed field-programmable gate array boards to emulate it. The concept of hardware emulation, with a scalable architecture for the FEC decoder boards, is introduced by way of a pipelined architecture.

A triple-concatenated FEC using soft-decision decoding for 100 Gb/s optical transmission

Abstract: We propose a novel triple-concatenated forward error correction for 100Gb/s transmission. Simulation shows that a net coding gain of 10.8dB is obtained by a soft-decision LPDC code concatenated with the enhanced FEC listed in G.975.1.

Iteration-Aware LDPC Code Design for Low-Power Optical Communications

Abstract: Recent low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have shown capacity-approaching performance for various communications systems. However, their promising performance cannot always be obtained due to practical constraints, such as finite codeword length, finite iteration, finite memory, and finite precision. In this paper, we focus on a practical design method of high-performance LDPC codes under a constraint of finite-iteration decoding for low-power optical communications. We introduce an iteration-aware LDPC code design approach, which is based on decoding trajectory in extrinsic information transfer chart analysis. It is demonstrated that an LDPC code designed by the conventional curve-fitting method exhibits nearly 2 dB of penalty, when the maximum number of iterations is limited. The results suggest that the LDPC code should be adaptively changed, e.g., when the number of decoding iterations is decreased to save power consumption. We also extend our design method to a multi-objective optimization concept by taking average degrees into account, so that the threshold and the computational complexity are minimized at the same time. The proposed Pareto-optimal codes can achieve additional 2-dB gain or 50% complexity reduction at maximum, in low-power decoding scenarios.

Bit-interleaved polar-coded OFDM for low-latency M2M wireless communications

Abstract: Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications play an important role for applications that involve connections between a massive number of heterogeneous devices in home and industrial networks. For M2M networks, realizing low latency and high reliability is of great importance. In this paper, we show the great potential of polar-coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) to fulfill those requirements. We show that polar codes with list decoding plus cyclic redundancy check (CRC) can outperform state-of-the-art low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes at short block lengths. In addition, we introduce an efficient interleaver and constellation shaping for polar-coded high-order modulations, where a coded sequence is carefully mapped across subcarriers and modulation bits to exploit non-uniform reliability for higher diversity gains. Through computer simulations, we demonstrate that a significant gain greater than 2 dB can be achieved by quadratic polynomial permutation (QPP) interleaver with optimized parameters in comparison to the conventional random interleaver for high-order 256-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) OFDM transmission in frequency-selective wireless channels.

Forward error correction for 100 G transport networks

Abstract: The role of forward error correction has become of critical importance in fiber optic communications, as backbone networks increase in speed to 40 and 100 Gb/s, particularly as poor optical-signal-to-noise environments are encountered. Such environments become more commonplace in higher-speed environments, as more optical amplifiers are deployed in networks. Many generations of FEC have been implemented, including block codes and concatenated codes. Developers now have options to consider hard-decision and soft-decision codes. This article describes the advantages of each type in particular transmission environments.

Design of Polar Codes in 5G New Radio

Abstract: Polar codes have attracted the attention of academia and industry alike in the past decade, such that the $5^{\mathrm {th}}$ generation wireless systems (5G) standardization process of the $3^{\mathrm {rd}}$ generation partnership project (3GPP) chose polar codes as a channel coding scheme. In this tutorial, we provide a description of the encoding process of polar codes adopted by the 5G standard. We illustrate the struggles of designing a family of polar codes able to satisfy the demands of 5G systems, with particular attention to rate flexibility and low decoding latency. The result of these efforts is an elaborate framework that applies novel coding techniques to provide a solid channel code for NR requirements.

Fast optical channel recovery in field demonstration of 100-Gbit/s Ethernet over OTN using real-time DSP.

Abstract: A field trial of 100-Gbit/s Ethernet over an optical transport network (OTN) is conducted using a real-time digital coherent signal processor. Error free operation with the Q-margin of 3.2 dB is confirmed at a 100 Gbit/s Ethernet analyzer by concatenating a low-density parity-check code with a OTN framer forward error correction, after 80-ch WDM transmission through 6 spans x 70 km of dispersion shifted fiber without inline-dispersion compensation. Also, the recovery time of 12 msec is observed in an optical route switching experiment, which is achieved through fast chromatic dispersion estimation functionality.

A Survey on FEC Codes for 100 G and Beyond Optical Networks

Abstract: Due to the rapid increase in network traffic in the last few years, many telecommunication operators have started transitions to 100-Gb/s optical networks and beyond. However, high-speed optical networks need more efficient forward error correction (FEC) codes to deal with optical impairments, such as uncompensated chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, and nonlinear effects, and keep the bit error rate (BER) at long distances sufficiently low. To address these issues, new FEC codes, called third-generation codes, have been proposed. A majority of these codes are based on soft-decision decoders and can provide higher coding gain as compared with their predecessors. This paper presents a thorough survey of third-generation FEC codes, suitable for 100 G and beyond optical networks. Furthermore, this paper discusses the main advantages and drawbacks of each scheme and provides a qualitative categorization and comparison of the proposed schemes based on their main features, such as net coding gain and BER. Information about the complexity of each scheme is given as well.