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Kim Wallen

Bio: Kim Wallen is an academic researcher from Emory University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Androgen & Testosterone. The author has an hindex of 47, co-authored 133 publications receiving 7387 citations. Previous affiliations of Kim Wallen include Georgia State University & Yerkes National Primate Research Center.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Specific evaluation, treatment guidelines, and algorithms were developed for every sexual dysfunction in men, including erectile dysfunction; disorders of libido, orgasm, and ejaculation; Peyronie's disease; and priapism.

993 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the amygdala and hypothalamus are more strongly activated in men than in women when viewing identical sexual stimuli, and the human amygdala may also mediate the reportedly greater role of visual stimuli in male sexual behavior, paralleling prior animal findings.
Abstract: Men are generally more interested in and responsive to visual sexually arousing stimuli than are women. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show that the amygdala and hypothalamus are more strongly activated in men than in women when viewing identical sexual stimuli. This was true even when women reported greater arousal. Sex differences were specific to the sexual nature of the stimuli, were restricted primarily to limbic regions, and were larger in the left amygdala than the right amygdala. Men and women showed similar activation patterns across multiple brain regions, including ventral striatal regions involved in reward. Our findings indicate that the amygdala mediates sex differences in responsiveness to appetitive and biologically salient stimuli; the human amygdala may also mediate the reportedly greater role of visual stimuli in male sexual behavior, paralleling prior animal findings.

553 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of neuroendocrine feedback mechanisms in the flutamide effects is discussed in this paper, where it is shown that low dose androgen treatment only significantly masculinized infant vocalizations and produced no behavioral defeminization.

264 citations

Kim Wallen1
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: Historically, female fetuses have received high prenatal androgen doses to investigate the masculinizing and defeminizing effects of androgens, and the role of neuroendocrine feedback mechanisms in the flutamide effects is discussed.
Abstract: Sexually dimorphic behavior in nonhuman primates results from behavioral predispositions organized by prenatal androgens. The rhesus monkey has been the primary primate model for understanding the hormonal organization of sexually dimorphic behavior. Historically, female fetuses have received high prenatal androgen doses to investigate the masculinizing and defeminizing eVects of androgens. Such treatments masculinized juvenile and adult copulatory behavior and defeminized female-typical sexual initiation to adult estrogen treatment. Testosterone and the nonaromatizable androgen, 5-dihydrotestosterone, produced similar eVects suggesting that estrogenic metabolites of androgens are not critical for masculinization and defeminization in rhesus monkeys. Long duration androgen treatments masculinized both behavior and genitalia suggesting that socializing responses to the females’ malelike appearance may have produced the behavioral changes. Treatments limited to 35 days early or late in gestation diVerentially aVected behavioral and genital masculinization demonstrating direct organizing actions of prenatal androgens. Recent studies exposed fetal females to smaller doses of androgens and interfered with endogenous androgens using the anti-androgen Xutamide. Low dose androgen treatment only signiWcantly masculinized infant vocalizations and produced no behavioral defeminization. Females receiving late gestation Xutamide showed masculinized infant vocalizations and defeminized interest in infants. Both late androgen and Xutamide treatment hypermasculinized some male juvenile behaviors. Early Xutamide treatment blocked full male genital masculinization, but did not alter their juvenile or adult behavior. The role of neuroendocrine feedback mechanisms in the Xutamide eVects is discussed. Sexually diVerentiated behavior ultimately reXects both hormonally organized behavioral predispositions and the social experience that converts these predispositions into behavior.

238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Kim Wallen1
TL;DR: It is proposed that increased pubertal T stimulates male sexual motivation, increasing the male's probability of sexual experience with females, ultimately producing a sexual preference for females.

211 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance and describes numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries.
Abstract: From the Publisher: The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

3,627 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that, behaviorally, females' responses to stress are more marked by a pattern of "tend-and-befriend," and neuroendocrine evidence from animal and human studies suggests that oxytocin, in conjunction with female reproductive hormones and endogenous opioid peptide mechanisms, may be at its core.
Abstract: The human stress response has been characterized, both physiologically and behaviorally, as "fight-or-flight." Although fight-or-flight may characterize the primary physiological responses to stress for both males and females, we propose that, behaviorally, females' responses are more marked by a pattern of "tend-and-befriend." Tending involves nurturant activities designed to protect the self and offspring that promote safety and reduce distress; befriending is the creation and maintenance of social networks that may aid in this process. The biobehavioral mechanism that underlies the tend-and-befriend pattern appears to draw on the attachment-caregiving system, and neuroendocrine evidence from animal and human studies suggests that oxytocin, in conjunction with female reproductive hormones and endogenous opioid peptide mechanisms, may be at its core. This previously unexplored stress regulatory system has manifold implications for the study of stress.

2,588 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Lawson Wilkins Paediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) and the EPE considered it timely to review the management of intersex disorders from a broad perspective, to review data on longer term outcome and to formulate proposals for future studies.
Abstract: The birth of an intersex child prompts a long-term management strategy that involves a myriad of professionals working with the family. There has been progress in diagnosis, surgical techniques, understanding psychosocial issues and in recognizing and accepting the place of patient advocacy. The Lawson Wilkins Paediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) considered it timely to review the management of intersex disorders from a broad perspective, to review data on longer term outcome and to formulate proposals for future studies. The methodology comprised establishing a number of working groups whose membership was drawn from 50 international experts in the field. The groups prepared prior written responses to a defined set of questions resulting from an evidence based review of the literature. At a subsequent gathering of participants, a framework for a consensus document was agreed. This paper constitutes its final form.

2,108 citations