Kishore Bingi

Abstract: Control of pH processes is highly challenging due to high nonlinearity and sensitivity around the equilibrium point. PID controllers being simple and the most widely used perform poorly with changing set-point and are limited to certain operating regions. Thus, they are inadequate for such applications without upgrading. In this paper, a fractional order set-point weighted PID ( $$\mathrm {SWPI^{\lambda }D^{\mu }}$$ ) controller is designed for pH neutralization process. The objective is to achieve adequate set-point tracking and effective load regulation through smooth control action. The controller parameters are tuned using accelerated particle swarm optimization which uses only global best position to achieve faster convergence. Simulation results show that for both standard and industrial configurations of the proposed approach, better performance in terms of set-point tracking, disturbance rejection and sensitivity to model parameter variation is achieved compared to PID, fractional order PID ( $$\mathrm {PI^{\lambda }D^{\mu }}$$ ) and SWPI-D.

Abstract: Process monitoring and automation in the industrial sector are hitherto done over wired connection between devices. It is evident that the amount of wires required increased proportionally to the complexity of the industry and their installation is time consuming. The wires used in the industry must withstand the harsh environmental conditions, hence expensive to install and maintain. In the event of loss of connection due to accident or any other reason, the cost incurred as a result of the downtime is high. The highlighted problems necessitated the need for an open, interoperable wireless standard like WirelessHART that can overcome these problems. Three categories of applications running in any process plant with increment of criticality are for monitoring, control and safety. The current application of wireless technology including WirelessHART in the industry so far is limited to monitoring and some attempts are being made to apply it for control. This paper examines the extent to which WirelessHART technology is applied especially for the purpose of control.

Abstract: Advancement in recent wireless technology has triggered the need for devices to run on independent power sources. This is evident especially with the wireless sensor network (WSN). This can be accomplished via harvesting energy from the surrounding environment such as solar, wind etc. These enery harvesting devices can power the wireless sensor nodes either directly of in conjunction with a battery. This paper presents the development of a solar energy harvesting mechanism for WirelessHART sensor node using photovoltaic (PV) cell array. Experimental results on the WirelessHART nodes proved that the developed harvester is capable of powering the nodes.

Abstract: Control of real-time pressure process is quite challenging due to high nonlinearity and sensitivity. PID controllers being the most employed for industrial applications have the potential for control of such processes. This is due to the PID’s advantages of simple structure, ease of tuning and implementation. However, its performance degrades during set-point change and high external disturbances due to high sensitivity and nonlinearity of the pressure plant. Therefore, this paper proposes the two-degree-of-freedom fractional-order PID (2DOF–FOPID) controller for real-time control of pressure process in both parallel and series configurations. Furthermore, the controller parameters are obtained experimentally using Ziegler–Nichols and closed-loop set-point approaches. The controller has the advantages of improving set-point tracking and disturbance rejection performance through smoother control action over the conventional PID. From the real-time experimental results obtained, the proposed approach outperforms PID, fractional-order PID and 2DOF-PID controllers in terms of overshoot and settling time. Hence, the approach has better set-point tracking ability and disturbance rejection capability. Furthermore, the control action of the approach is less affected by undesired oscillations and derivative kick effect thereby extending the life of actuator.

Abstract: Explicit formula and graphs of few special functions are derived in the paper on the basis of various definitions of various fractional derivatives and various fractional integrals. Their applications are also reviewed in the paper.

Abstract: This paper studies the design of variable-order fractional proportional–integral–derivative (VFPID) controllers for linear dynamical systems. For this purpose, a technique to discretize fractional differential equations with variable-order operators is proposed. The resulting model and a particle swarm optimization algorithm are used to search for the optimal parameters of the VFPID controllers. Three examples illustrate the performance of the closed-loop system under the action of the VFPID and compare it with the results obtained by means of the PID and fractional PID (FPID). Furthermore, time-dependent parameters are also tested, showing that the VFPID yields a superior performance.

Abstract: Condition monitoring can reduce machine breakdown losses, increase productivity and operation safety, and therefore deliver significant benefits to many industries. The emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with smart processing ability play an ever-growing role in online condition monitoring of machines. WSNs are cost-effective networking systems for machine condition monitoring. It avoids cable usage and eases system deployment in industry, which leads to significant savings. Powering the nodes is one of the major challenges for a true WSN system, especially when positioned at inaccessible or dangerous locations and in harsh environments. Promising energy harvesting technologies have attracted the attention of engineers because they convert microwatt or milliwatt level power from the environment to implement maintenance-free machine condition monitoring systems with WSNs. The motivation of this review is to investigate the energy sources, stimulate the application of energy harvesting based WSNs, and evaluate the improvement of energy harvesting systems for mechanical condition monitoring. This paper overviews the principles of a number of energy harvesting technologies applicable to industrial machines by investigating the power consumption of WSNs and the potential energy sources in mechanical systems. Many models or prototypes with different features are reviewed, especially in the mechanical field. Energy harvesting technologies are evaluated for further development according to the comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, a discussion of the challenges and potential future research of energy harvesting systems powering WSNs for machine condition monitoring is made.

Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) constitutes the next step in the field of technology, bringing enormous changes in industry, medicine, environmental care, and urban development. Various challenges are to be met in forming this vision, such as technology interoperability issues, security and data confidentiality requirements, and, last but not least, the development of energy efficient management systems. In this paper, we explore existing networking communication technologies for the IoT, with emphasis on encapsulation and routing protocols. The relation between the IoT network protocols and the emerging IoT applications is also examined. A thorough layer-based protocol taxonomy is provided, while how the network protocols fit and operate for addressing the recent IoT requirements and applications is also illustrated. What is the most special feature of this paper, compared to other survey and tutorial works, is the thorough presentation of the inner schemes and mechanisms of the network protocols subject to IPv6. Compatibility, interoperability, and configuration issues of the existing and the emerging protocols and schemes are discussed based on the recent advanced of IPv6. Moreover, open networking challenges such as security, scalability, mobility, and energy management are presented in relation to their corresponding features. Lastly, the trends of the networking mechanisms in the IoT domain are discussed in detail, highlighting future challenges.