Kodiveri Muthukaliannan Gothandam

Bio: Kodiveri Muthukaliannan Gothandam is an academic researcher from VIT University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Gene & Publication bias. The author has an hindex of 19, co-authored 78 publications receiving 1108 citations. Previous affiliations of Kodiveri Muthukaliannan Gothandam include Chungbuk National University & C. Abdul Hakeem College.

Ayurveda - A glance

Abstract: Ayurveda has the distinction of being the “oldest medical system known to man and the oldest and most comprehensive spiritual teachings in the world”. Ayurveda is based on the principle of maintaining a balance between the interrelated relationships within the body and mind. It helps the patient to understand the benefits of knowing their body and mind and to live in intimate relationship with nature. Ayurvedic literature has remedies for age-related diseases like memory loss, osteoporosis, diabetic wounds, etc. for which no efficient medicine is available in modern therapy. Even though Ayurveda has a sound literature background, ironically its share in the global medicinal market is very less (0.5%). In order to promote Ayurveda in the international market, ayurvedic drugs should be available in standardized form, which is the minimum requirement for introducing a product in the Western market. Ayurvedic formulations should be standardized on the basis of active principle or major compound(s) along with fingerprints. There as great scope for India to achieve global leadership of traditional medicinal market through export of quality products from Ayurvedic medicinal system. This article gives an overview of Indian traditional medicinal system-Ayurveda. It also highlights the principle of ayurvedic therapy, current status of Ayurveda, the challenges faced by Ayurveda in the modern world and the need of science based research to overcome its drawbacks. According to Caraka -"The Science of life shall never attain finality. Therefore humility and relentless industry should characterize your endeavor and your approach to knowledge. The entire world consists of teachers for the wise and enemies for the fools. Therefore, knowledge, conducive to health, longevity, fame and excellence, coming from even an unknown source, should be received, assimilated and utilized with earnestness".

Improving Bioavailability of Vitamin A in Food by Encapsulation: An Update

Abstract: Vitamin A is an obligatory micronutrient for healthy human life as it cannot be synthesized de novo and has to be acquired from dietary sources. The poor water solubility and susceptibility against photochemical degradation make vitamin A relatively unstable during food processing as well as storage. To combat prevailing vitamin A deficiency, various strategies have already been adopted in pharmaceutical industries to develop vitamin A formulation which has the ability to protect and minimize its degradation. On the one hand, in pharmaceutical formulations, vitamin A may be coupled with sub-toxic effects due to its buildup in the liver and other vital organ, while on the other hand its involvement against various health disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancer has recently compelled the population to achieve vitamin A via pharmaceutical supplements, functional foods or food supplements. The success of pharmaceutical application encouraged food technologists to develop numerous premixes encapsulating vitamin A appropriately which can be successfully applied for the development of food supplements or vitamin A-rich functional foods. So this chapter is an update of the principal encapsulation techniques adopted for the development of vitamin A nanomaterials to improve its bioavailability and associated challenges with fabrication method.

Genetic manipulation for carotenoid production in microalgae an overview

Abstract: • Carotenoids are natural pigments with significant biological and commercial values. • Microalgae are promising source for carotenoids. • Advanced genetic manipulation tools (Overexpression and gene knockout) are helping to overproduce the carotenoid content. • Manipulating the genes of key enzymes can enhance the carotenoid content in microalgae. Carotenoids are the most diverse pigments found in plants and animals. Carotenoids of various hues such as orange, red, and yellow are abundant in fruits and flowers. Also, they are responsible for the colors seen in some birds and fish. These pigments also offer significant health advantages, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and they have a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Carotenoids are key phytocomponents in plants and microalgae for light harvesting, energy transfer during photosynthesis, and protection from photo-oxidative damage. Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that provide the foundation of the food chain in aquatic habitats. Dunaleilla salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and Chlorella zofingiensis are the richest sources for β-carotene, astaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Microalgae provide renewable supplies for increasing carotenoids because of their perfect host environment, simplicity of culture, and rapid growth rate. Genetic manipulation tools such as overexpression and gene knockout techniques are emerging approaches to study the carotenoid metabolic pathway and reveal information about the critical enzymes in the pathway. In this review, we discussed recent developments in genetic manipulation to overproduce carotenoids. Recent genetic manipulation tools are potential options for increasing productivity in microalgae. These approaches will enhance the production of carotenoids in commercial microalgal species for industrial applications.

Coordination between photorespiration and carbon concentrating mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: transcript and protein changes during light-dark diurnal cycles and mixotrophy conditions.

Abstract: Carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) and photorespiration (PR) are interlinked and co-regulated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but conditions where co-regulation alters are not sufficiently explored. Here, we uncover that PR gene transcripts, like CCM transcripts, are induced even in the dark when both processes are not active. Such diurnal cycles show that transcript levels peak in the middle of 12 h day, decline by early part of 12-h dark followed by their onset again at mid-dark. Interestingly, the onset in the mid-dark phase is sensitive to high CO2, implying that the active carbon sensing mechanism operates even in the dark. The rhythmic alterations of both CCM and PR transcript levels are unlinked to circadian clock: the “free-running state” reveals no discernible rhythmicity in transcript changes. Only continuous light leads to high transcript levels but no detectable transcripts were observed in continuous dark. Asynchronous continuous light cultures, upon shifting to low from high CO2 exhibit only transient induction of PR transcripts/proteins while CCM transcript induction is stable, indicating the loss of co-regulation between PR and CCM gene transcription. Lastly, we also describe that both CCM and PR transcripts/proteins are induced in low CO2 even in mixotrophic cultures, but only in high light, the same being attenuated in high CO2, implying that high light is a mandatory “trigger” for CCM and PR induction in low CO2 mixotrophy. Our study provides comprehensive analyses of conditions where CCM and PR were differently regulated, setting a paradigm for a detailed mechanistic probing of these responses.

SPAdes, a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing ( 7th Annual SFAF Meeting, 2012)

Abstract: The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Rice with Boro II Cytoplasm Is Caused by a Cytotoxic Peptide and Is Restored by Two Related PPR Motif Genes via Distinct Modes of mRNA Silencing

Abstract: Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and nucleus-controlled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools to exploit heterosis in crops. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction remains unclear. Here, we show in rice (Oryza sativa) with Boro II cytoplasm that an abnormal mitochondrial open reading frame, orf79, is cotranscribed with a duplicated atp6 (B-atp6) gene and encodes a cytotoxic peptide. Expression of orf79 in CMS lines and transgenic rice plants caused gametophytic male sterility. Immunoblot analysis showed that the ORF79 protein accumulates specifically in microspores. Two fertility restorer genes, Rf1a and Rf1b, were identified at the classical locus Rf-1 as members of a multigene cluster that encode pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. RF1A and RF1B are both targeted to mitochondria and can restore male fertility by blocking ORF79 production via endonucleolytic cleavage (RF1A) or degradation (RF1B) of dicistronic B-atp6/orf79 mRNA. In the presence of both restorers, RF1A was epistatic over RF1B in the mRNA processing. We have also shown that RF1A plays an additional role in promoting the editing of atp6 mRNAs, independent of its cleavage function.

Stress‐responsive microRNAs in Populus

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs, have recently become the subject of intense study. They are a class of post-transcriptional negative regulators playing vital roles in plant development and growth. However, little is known about their regulatory roles in the responses of trees to the stressful environments incurred over their long-term growth. Here, we report the cloning of small RNAs from abiotic stressed tissues of Populus trichocarpa (Ptc) and the identification of 68 putative miRNA sequences that can be classified into 27 families based on sequence homology. Among them, nine families are novel, increasing the number of the known Ptc-miRNA families from 33 to 42. A total of 346 targets was predicted for the cloned Ptc-miRNAs using penalty scores of