Most industrial and SCADA-like (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems use proprietary communication protocols, and hence interoperability is not fulfilled. However, the MODBUS TCP is an open de facto standard, and is used for some automation and telecontrol systems. It is based on a polling mechanism and follows the synchronous request–response pattern, as opposed to the asynchronous publish–subscribe pattern. In this study, polling-based and event-based protocols are investigated to realize an open and interoperable Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment. Many Internet of Things (IoT) protocols are introduced and compared, and the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) is chosen as the event-based, publish–subscribe protocol. The study shows that MODBUS defines an optimized message structure in the application layer, which is dedicated to industrial applications. In addition, it shows that an event-oriented IoT protocol complements the MODBUS TCP but cannot replace it. Therefore, two scenarios are proposed to build the IIoT environment. The first scenario is to consider the MODBUS TCP as an IoT protocol, and build the environment using the MODBUS TCP on a standalone basis. The second scenario is to use MQTT in conjunction with the MODBUS TCP. The first scenario is efficient and complies with most industrial applications where the request–response pattern is needed only. If the publish–subscribe pattern is needed, the MQTT in the second scenario complements the MODBUS TCP and eliminates the need for a gateway; however, MQTT lacks interoperability. To maintain a homogeneous message structure for the entire environment, industrial data are organized using the structure of MODBUS messages, formatted in the UTF-8, and then transferred in the payload of an MQTT publish message. The open and interoperable environment can be used for Internet SCADA, Internet-based monitoring, and industrial control systems.

Communication Protocols of an Industrial Internet of Things Environment: A Comparative Study

Monitoring passenger data in bus transportation fleets using the IoT concept. Factors that influence passenger monitoring are human counting errors and the accuracy of objects detected by sensors. The IoT system uses PIR (passive infrared) sensors and monitoring with mobile apps is a solution to overcome this, because the use of PIR sensors in the IoT system can only detect movements made by humans alone. The developed IoT system also implements a GPS module to be able to find out the location of the bus. Wemos D1 R2 will automatically send data collected from the results of detection by the PIR sensor and coordinates obtained by the GPS module to the Firebase database via the internet network. The monitoring application will display data stored on firebase on a mobile device. So that monitoring of bus passengers can be done quickly. Experiments on the research show that when the object’s motion approaches the PIR sensor, it will not consistently detect the presence of passengers.

Applied Internet of Things (IoT): The Prototype Bus Passenger Monitoring System Using PIR Sensor

Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely used in various applications such as health and safety, smart homes, greenhouses, and industrial application. It has been increasingly utilized in the industry owing to its benefits in terms of enhancing the overall performance of a given system. There is a need to engage the IoT technology to meet the requirements in many local industries, especially in developing countries. This can be formulated as having an effective automation system that monitors all essential parts of the system and responds to it in the real-time of all sensitive physical variables on the system. This is called the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). In this paper, a prototype system has been implemented for artificial control and monitoring using IoT. The article includes two control systems executed: classical PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) and fuzzy logic with a comparison between them. Fuzzy control is first simulated using MATLAB-R2018b then developing a fuzzy algorithm based on Sugeno method inside PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). The connection of PLC with OPC (Object Process Control) server and sensors is used by the Modbus protocol. The IoT system is designed to utilize the OPC and MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), and the obtained data will be uploaded to the cloud. ESP8266 is used to connect the sensors to the router through wireless communication.

IoT Based Water Tank Level Control System Using PLC

The recent shift towards the utilisation of automated systems has necessitated newer and more advanced technologies that can improve efficiency, accuracy and flexibility of processes in the industrial environment. The focus of this paper is on remote monitoring and automation for Bottle filling industry using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. Effective storage and management of the packaged bottles (warehouse management systems) has also been illustrated through a comparative study between two warehouse management techniques using Barcode technology and crane automation systems. The optimisation of warehouse activities can further increase the consistency and efficiency of the industry. Implementation has been carried using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) – SCADA systems which provides durability, flexibility and ease of programming. This system can be further expanded into any other sorting industries as well.

Design and Development of Industrial Automated System using PLC-SCADA

The use of knowledge discovery on the Internet of Things (IoT) and its allied domains is undeniably one of the most indispensable ones, which results in optimized placement architectures, efficient routing protocols, device energy savings, and enhanced security measures for the implementation. The absence of knowledge discovery in IoT results in just an implementation of large‐scale sensor networks, which generates a huge amount of data, and which needs, an often under‐optimized, processing for actionable outputs. In this survey, we explore various domains of IoT for which knowledge discovery is inseparable from the application, and show how it benefits the overall implementation of the IoT architecture.

Knowledge discovery for enabling smart Internet of Things: A survey

Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly increasing technology because today's world is internet world. IoT is combination of communication system and embedded system which is used to connect hardware devices to the network or internet. IoT is used for transmission and reception of data. These systems are used to monitor industrial applications by implementing industry standard protocols using IoT. In this system small scale industrial applications like liquid level control, energy monitoring etc. can monitor wirelessly through wireless devices, mobiles and laptops. The main aim of this paper is to summarize importance of IoT which will monitor small scale industrial applications.

Komal S. Shinde

Papers

Industrial process monitoring using loT