Renewable energy source (RES) based electrical power plants are widely considered green and clean due to their contribution to decarbonizing the energy sectors. It is apparent that RESs do not produce carbon dioxide, however their significant negative impacts on the environment are still found and cannot be ignored. In this paper, the environmental impacts of RES based power plants are analyzed through a comprehensive review considering solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydroelectric, tidal, ocean current, oceanic wave, ocean thermal, and osmotic effects. Solar thermal power is well known as concentrated solar power. A strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis is carried out and discussed for all RES based power plants. Comparative SWOT analyses for solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar power plants are presented. The comparative environmental impact analyses for all existing RES based power plants are tabulated for various attributes. These attributes include but are not limited to human health, noise, pollution, greenhouse gas emission, ozone layer depletion, toxification, flooding, impact on inhabitants, eutrophication, dried up rivers, and deforestation. Based on the analysis, it is found that careful selection of RES for electrical power plants is necessary because improper utilization of RES could be very harmful for the environment. 

Environmental impact of renewable energy source based electrical power plants: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, ocean, and osmotic

The present invention is used as power for wave energy of the ocean, and relates to the use of the energy of the high-pressure sea water, the apparatus 10, which was generally converted to a water pressure of greater than greater than 800psi and preferably 100psi. Sea water of the high pressure generated by the device 10 may be transported through the pipe to shore for any suitable purpose. The device 10 includes a pump 13 operatively connected to the support to hang in the water body (1), the float 12, and the float (12). And the pump 13 comprises a piston 61 extending between the take entrance 47, the take-out chamber (49) and the take entrance 47 and the take-out chamber (49). The piston 61 includes a tube 63 having a flow passage 102 extending between the take entrance 47 and the take-out chamber (49). The piston 61 and the take-out chamber (49) are cooperating to form the expansion and the pumping chamber (100) to receive a contraction in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston. The piston 61 is operatively connected to the float (12) to be driven by upward movement of the float. The pump may be to process the water to pass by using the electrolytic process, to accept from a linear electric generator employed in the pump. Seawater, wave energy, buoyancy, pumps, water treatment

Wave Energy Conversion

Greenhouse gas emissions from the freight transportation sector are a significant contributor to climate change, pollution, and negative health impacts because of the common use of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDVs). Governments around the world are working to transition away from diesel HDVs and to electric HDVs, to reduce emissions. Battery electric HDVs and hydrogen fuel cell HDVs are two available alternatives to diesel engines. Each diesel engine HDV, battery-electric HDV, and hydrogen fuel cell HDV powertrain has its own advantages and disadvantages. This work provides a comprehensive review to examine the working mechanism, performance metrics, and recent developments of the aforementioned HDV powertrain technologies. A detailed comparison between the three powertrain technologies, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each, is also presented, along with future perspectives of the HDV sector. Overall, diesel engine in HDVs will remain an important technology in the short-term future due to the existing infrastructure and lower costs, despite their high emissions, while battery-electric HDV technology and hydrogen fuel cell HDV technology will be slowly developed to eliminate their barriers, including costs, infrastructure, and performance limitations, to penetrate the HDV market.

A Review of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Powertrain Technologies: Diesel Engine Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Fuel cell technologies have several applications in stationary power production, such as units for primary power generation, grid stabilization, systems adopted to generate backup power, and combined-heat-and-power configurations (CHP). The main sectors where stationary fuel cells have been employed are (a) micro-CHP, (b) large stationary applications, (c) UPS, and IPS. The fuel cell size for stationary applications is strongly related to the power needed from the load. Since this sector ranges from simple backup systems to large facilities, the stationary fuel cell market includes few kWs and less (micro-generation) to larger sizes of MWs. The design parameters for the stationary fuel cell system differ for fuel cell technology (PEM, AFC, PAFC, MCFC, and SOFC), as well as the fuel type and supply. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of two main trends of research on fuel-cell-based poly-generation systems: tracking the market trends and performance analysis. In deeper detail, the present review will list a potential breakdown of the current costs of PEM/SOFC production for building applications over a range of production scales and at representative specifications, as well as broken down by component/material. Inherent to the technical performance, a concise estimation of FC system durability, efficiency, production, maintenance, and capital cost will be presented.

Comprehensive review on fuel cell technology for stationary applications as sustainable and efficient poly-generation energy systems

Knowledge structure and research progress in wind power generation (WPG) from 2005 to 2020 using CiteSpace based scientometric analysis

Recently, electrical power generation from oceanic waves is becoming very popular, as it is prospective, predictable, and highly available compared to other conventional renewable energy resources. In this paper, various types of nearshore, onshore, and offshore wave energy devices, including their construction and working principle, are explained explicitly. They include point absorber, overtopping devices, oscillating water column, attenuators, oscillating wave surge converters, submerged pressure differential, rotating mass, and bulge wave converter devices. The encounters and obstacles of electrical power generation from the oceanic wave are discussed in detail. The electrical power generation methods of the generators involved in wave energy devices are depicted. In addition, the vital control technologies in wave energy converters and devices are described for different cases. At present, piezoelectric materials are also being implemented in the design of wave energy converters as they convert mechanical motion directly into electrical power. For this reason, various models of piezoelectric material-based wave energy devices are illustrated. The statistical reports and extensive literature survey presented in this review show that there is huge potential for oceanic wave energy. Therefore, it is a highly prospective branch of renewable energy, which would play a significant role in the near future.

/pdf/electrical-power-generation-from-the-oceanic-wave-for-2b0oa7ui7p.pdf

Electrical Power Generation from the Oceanic Wave for Sustainable Advancement in Renewable Energy Technologies

In this paper, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is implemented as a grid-connected electrical generator that uses hydrogen gas as fuel and air as an oxidant to produce electricity through electrochemical reactions. Analysis demonstrated that the performance of the PEMFC greatly depends on the rate of fuel supply and air supply pressure. Critical fuel and air supply pressures of the PEMFC are analysed to test its feasibility for the grid connection. Air and fuel supply pressures are varied to observe the effects on the PEMFC characteristics, efficiency, fuel supply, and air consumption over time. The PEMFC model is then implemented into an electrical power system with the aid of power electronics applications. Detailed mathematical modelling of the PEMFC is discussed with justification. The PEMFC functions as an electrical generator that is connected to the local grid through a power converter and a transformer. Modulation of the converter is controlled by means of a proportional-integral controller. The two-axis control methodology is applied to the current control of the system. The output voltage waveform and control actions of the controller on the current and frequency of the proposed system are plotted as well. Simulation results show that the PEMFC performs efficiently under certain air and fuel pressures, and it can effectively supply electrical power to the grid.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/24/6679/pdf

Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell as the Grid Connected Power Generator

This paper deals with wireless power transmission technology. A battery of an electronic device will be charged wirelessly. The solar panel converts the sun light into electrical energy. Power from a solar panel is sent through a transmitter circuit and received by a receiver circuit wirelessly based on Faraday’s law of induction. As magnetic resonance coupling is more efficient and useful than magnetic inductive coupling, in this paper, magnetic resonant coupling is used. There are a transmitter and receiver coil. The transmitter coil is driven at the same frequency of the resonant frequency of the receiver coil. For those reasons, the LC tuned circuit has been built to maintain the same frequency. As power is transmitted wirelessly, some power is wasted. As a result, efficiency is decreased to only 11 %. After all, it will be a future charging solution in the modern world. With the help of wireless battery charger technology, power can be supplied to the electric cars, drones, hospital’s equipment, and smartphones. This device also helps to reduce the necessity of using wires.

Design and Implementation of Solar Power Wireless Battery Charger

Solar panel is vulnerable to accumulated dust on its surface. The efficiency of the solar panel gradually decreases because of dust accumulation. In this paper, an Arduino based solar panel cleaning system is designed and implemented for dust removal. The proposed solar panel cleaner is waterless, economical and automatic. Two-step mechanism used in this system consists of an exhaust fan which works as an air blower and a wiper to swipe the dust from the panel surface. a dc motor is used to power the wiper. Since, the system does not need water to clean solar panel, it avoids the wastage of water and effective in desert areas. Experimental results show that the proposed cleaning system can operate with an efficiency of 87-96% for different types of sand.

Automatic Solar Panel Cleaning System Based on Arduino for Dust Removal

Fire protection is obvious for safety purposes in human life because mishandling of fire sources can be the cause of serious accidents. In this paper, an Arduino based automatic fire alarm provider with extinguishing device is proposed for fire protection. The thermal model of a house and explanation of the proposed system is presented where smoke detector and temperature sensor assist the flame sensor. The flame sensor generates electric signals and transmits via mobile phone to the corresponding person to get notified. Besides this, the signal also triggers the fire extinguishing system automatically to take quick action. Simulation results are obtained by using MATLAB software. An Arduino based prototype of the proposed device is built and tested by creating artificial smoke and flame. Test results prove that, the proposed fire protection system responses quickly and effectively.

Koushik Ahmed

Papers

Electrical Power Generation from the Oceanic Wave for Sustainable Advancement in Renewable Energy Technologies

Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell as the Grid Connected Power Generator

Design and Implementation of Solar Power Wireless Battery Charger

Automatic Solar Panel Cleaning System Based on Arduino for Dust Removal

Quick Fire Sensing Model and Extinguishing by Using an Arduino Based Fire Protection Device