Author
Krista R. Wigginton
Other affiliations: Virginia Tech, University of Maryland, College Park, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Bio: Krista R. Wigginton is an academic researcher from University of Michigan. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Wastewater. The author has an hindex of 24, co-authored 66 publications receiving 2622 citations. Previous affiliations of Krista R. Wigginton include Virginia Tech & University of Maryland, College Park.
Topics: Medicine, Wastewater, Outbreak, Nucleic acid, Virus
Papers
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TL;DR: It is shown that MHV and ϕ6 remained infective on the time scale of days and the presented methods will enable future research on enveloped viruses in water environments.
Abstract: Many of the devastating pandemics and outbreaks of the 20th and 21st centuries have involved enveloped viruses, including influenza, HIV, SARS, MERS, and Ebola. However, little is known about the presence and fate of enveloped viruses in municipal wastewater. Here, we compared the survival and partitioning behavior of two model enveloped viruses (MHV and ϕ6) and two nonenveloped bacteriophages (MS2 and T3) in raw wastewater samples. We showed that MHV and ϕ6 remained infective on the time scale of days. Up to 26% of the two enveloped viruses adsorbed to the solid fraction of wastewater compared to 6% of the two nonenveloped viruses. Based on this partitioning behavior, we assessed and optimized methods for recovering enveloped viruses from wastewater. Our optimized ultrafiltration method resulted in mean recoveries (±SD) of 25.1% (±3.6%) and 18.2% (±9.5%) for the enveloped MHV and ϕ6, respectively, and mean recoveries of 55.6% (±16.7%) and 85.5% (±24.5%) for the nonenveloped MS2 and T3, respectively. A ma...
454 citations
University of Notre Dame1, Royal Institute of Technology2, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation3, Massachusetts Institute of Technology4, Stanford University5, Georgia Institute of Technology6, Catalan Institute for Water Research7, University of Calabria8, University of Pisa9, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research10, Federal University of Bahia11, North Carolina State University12, Howard University13, Bangor University14, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne15, University of Arizona16, Southern Nevada Water Authority17, University of Barcelona18, University of Yamanashi19, University of California, Santa Barbara20, Hokkaido University21, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar22, Toyama Prefectural University23, Istituto Superiore di Sanità24, University of Naples Federico II25, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee26, University of Washington27, University of Queensland28, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill29, University of Antwerp30, Yale University31, Tufts University32, Michigan State University33, Spanish National Research Council34, University of Southern California35, Rice University36, Georgia State University37, University of Osnabrück38, University of Michigan39
TL;DR: Author(s): Bivins, Aaron; North, Devin; Ahmad, Arslan; Ahmed, Warish; Alm, Eric; Been, Frederic; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Boehm, Alexandria B; Brown, Joe; Buttiglieri, Gianluigi; Calabro, Vincenza; Carducci, Annalaura; Castiglioni, Sara; Cetecioglu Guro
Abstract: Author(s): Bivins, Aaron; North, Devin; Ahmad, Arslan; Ahmed, Warish; Alm, Eric; Been, Frederic; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Boehm, Alexandria B; Brown, Joe; Buttiglieri, Gianluigi; Calabro, Vincenza; Carducci, Annalaura; Castiglioni, Sara; Cetecioglu Gurol, Zeynep; Chakraborty, Sudip; Costa, Federico; Curcio, Stefano; de Los Reyes, Francis L; Delgado Vela, Jeseth; Farkas, Kata; Fernandez-Casi, Xavier; Gerba, Charles; Gerrity, Daniel; Girones, Rosina; Gonzalez, Raul; Haramoto, Eiji; Harris, Angela; Holden, Patricia A; Islam, Md Tahmidul; Jones, Davey L; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kitajima, Masaaki; Kotlarz, Nadine; Kumar, Manish; Kuroda, Keisuke; La Rosa, Giuseppina; Malpei, Francesca; Mautus, Mariana; McLellan, Sandra L; Medema, Gertjan; Meschke, John Scott; Mueller, Jochen; Newton, Ryan J; Nilsson, David; Noble, Rachel T; van Nuijs, Alexander; Peccia, Jordan; Perkins, T Alex; Pickering, Amy J; Rose, Joan; Sanchez, Gloria; Smith, Adam; Stadler, Lauren; Stauber, Christine; Thomas, Kevin; van der Voorn, Tom; Wigginton, Krista; Zhu, Kevin; Bibby, Kyle
325 citations
TL;DR: This study provides a quantitative analysis of the total damage incurred by a model virus upon inactivation induced by five common virucidal agents and identified unique patterns of molecular level modifications in the virus proteins or genome that lead to the inhibition of these functions and eventually inactivation.
Abstract: Oxidative processes are often harnessed as tools for pathogen disinfection. Although the pathways responsible for bacterial inactivation with various biocides are fairly well understood, virus inactivation mechanisms are often contradictory or equivocal. In this study, we provide a quantitative analysis of the total damage incurred by a model virus (bacteriophage MS2) upon inactivation induced by five common virucidal agents (heat, UV, hypochlorous acid, singlet oxygen, and chlorine dioxide). Each treatment targets one or more virus functions to achieve inactivation: UV, singlet oxygen, and hypochlorous acid treatments generally render the genome nonreplicable, whereas chlorine dioxide and heat inhibit host-cell recognition/binding. Using a combination of quantitative analytical tools, we identified unique patterns of molecular level modifications in the virus proteins or genome that lead to the inhibition of these functions and eventually inactivation. UV and chlorine treatments, for example, cause site-specific capsid protein backbone cleavage that inhibits viral genome injection into the host cell. Combined, these results will aid in developing better methods for combating waterborne and foodborne viral pathogens and further our understanding of the adaptive changes viruses undergo in response to natural and anthropogenic stressors.
305 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that measuring Sars-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in settled solids may be a more sensitive approach than measuring SARS-Cov-2 in influent.
Abstract: Wastewater-based epidemiology may be useful for informing public health response to viral diseases like COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. We quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater influent and primary settled solids in two wastewater treatment plants to inform the preanalytical and analytical approaches and to assess whether influent or solids harbored more viral targets. The primary settled solids samples resulted in higher SARS-CoV-2 detection frequencies than the corresponding influent samples. Likewise, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was more readily detected in solids using one-step digital droplet (dd)RT-PCR than with two-step RT-QPCR and two-step ddRT-PCR, likely owing to reduced inhibition with the one-step ddRT-PCR assay. We subsequently analyzed a longitudinal time series of 89 settled solids samples from a single plant for SARS-CoV-2 RNA as well as coronavirus recovery (bovine coronavirus) and fecal strength (pepper mild mottle virus) controls. SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets N1 and N2 concentrations correlated positively and significantly with COVID-19 clinically confirmed case counts in the sewershed. Together, the results demonstrate that measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in settled solids may be a more sensitive approach than measuring SARS-CoV-2 in influent.
254 citations
TL;DR: There are significant opportunities for the use of nanoenabled biosensors for environmental monitoring, and this review is intended to both illustrate the state of this field and to spur additional research in this area.
Abstract: One promising, but currently underexplored, area for the future of drinking water pathogen monitoring stems from the development of nanomaterial-enabled detection strategies. The nanoscience literature contains numerous reports of nanoenabled biosensors; however, to date only a small percentage have focused on the detection of whole cells, in general, and waterborne pathogens, in particular. There are significant opportunities for the use of nanoenabled biosensors for environmental monitoring, and this review is intended to both illustrate the state of this field and to spur additional research in this area.
234 citations
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TL;DR: Recent development in nanotechnology for water and wastewater treatment is reviewed, covering candidate nanomaterials, properties and mechanisms that enable the applications, advantages and limitations as compared to existing processes, and barriers and research needs for commercialization.
1,744 citations
TL;DR: The quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater affords the ability to monitor the prevalence of infections among the population via wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and highlights the viability of WBE for monitoring infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, in communities.
1,325 citations
TL;DR: More high quality data is needed on the occurrence of microplastics in drinking water, to better understand potential exposure and to inform human health risk assessments, and there is a significant need to improve quality assurance ofmicroplastic sampling and analysis in water samples.
1,148 citations