REDUCTION IN MORTALITY FROM BREAST CANCER AFTER MASS SCREENING WITH MAMMOGRAPHY: Randomised Trial from the Breast Cancer Screening Working Group of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare

Updated assessment of the prevalence, spectrum and case definition of autoimmune disease.

Objective. To investigate the prevalence of eight common rheumatic diseases in a large Chinese population. Methods. A population-based epidemiological investigation of the prevalence of eight common rheumatic diseases in a suburb of Beijing was conducted in 14 642 individuals. A community-based survey was carried out using a screening questionnaire. Positive responders were included in a clinical and laboratory examination. Diagnosis was based on the criteria of ACR or those used widely in literature. Results. A total of 10 556 inhabitants were interviewed. Forty-three cases of RA were identified with an age-adjusted prevalence of 0.28% (95% CI 0.19%, 0.41%). Gout was diagnosed with a crude prevalence of 0.09% (95% CI 0.05%, 0.17%). Psoriasis was reported in 28 individuals with a prevalence of 0.27% (95% CI 0.18%, 0.38%). This included two cases diagnosed with PsA, resulting in a prevalence of 7.14% (95% CI 0.88%, 23.5%) in psoriasis patients and 0.02% (95% CI 0%, 0.07%) in the general population. Three individuals were identified with SLE, with a prevalence of 0.03% (95% CI 0%, 0.06%). One individual was identified with SSc and the calculated prevalence was 0.01% (95% CI 0%, 0.05%). One case

Epidemiology of eight common rheumatic diseases in China: A large-scale cross-sectional survey in Beijing

background: Changes in the state of energy balance owing to changes in physical activity may affect the reproductive system. We evaluated the association between physical activity (PA) and fertility and parity in healthy women. methods: A population-based health survey (HUNT 1) was conducted during 1984–1986 in Nord-Trondelag county, Norway, with follow-up from 1995 to 1997 (HUNT 2). The study included 3887 women, ,45 years old in HUNT 2. PA was assessed by baseline questionnaire, and fertility and parity by questionnaire at follow-up. Data focused on overall occurrence of infertility in the population (without biological confirmation). results: Increased frequency, duration and intensity of PA were associated with increased subfertility, and frequency of PA was associated with voluntary childlessness (P , 0.01). After adjusting for age, parity, smoking, and marital status, women who were active on most days were 3.2 times more likely to have fertility problems than inactive women. Exercising to exhaustion was associated with 2.3 times the odds of fertility problems versus low intensity. Women with highest intensity of PA at baseline had the lowest frequency of continuing nulliparity and highest frequency of having three or more children during follow-up (P , 0.05). Sensitivity analysis including body mass index as confounder did not alter the results. No associations were found between lower activity levels and fertility or parity. conclusion: Increased risk of infertility was only found for the small group of women reporting the highest levels of intensity and frequency of PA. Awareness of the possible risks of infertility should be highlighted among non-athletic women who exercise vigorously.

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Krupp Marcus A

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Current Diagnosis and Treatment