In this Chapter, we imagine a decision maker (or a group of experts) trying to establish or examine fair procedures to combine opinions about alternatives related to different points of view.

Multiple criteria decision making

Electrical energy becomes necessary for human being. Generation of electrical energy mostly depends on fossils fuel, they are limited in nature and also responsible for environmental pollution. Renewable energy resources provides a better alternative for future,In comparison to conventional energy resources economical aspect is a major issue of renewable energy sources with the feasibility and efficiency. These limitations are tried to overcome by deployment hybrid renewable energy resources. There are certain criteria to analyze and implement the sized, optimized and cost efficient system. This paper focus on hybrid energy systems based on solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind resources. This paper shed lights on various parameters of economic feasibility, sizing strategies with logical advancements to enhance their utilization, future prospects, and their arrangement. Strategies to develop an effective storage system is also presented here.A brief review on developments in optimization techniques, reliability index and cost analyzing techniques for hybrid renewable energy systems are also presented.

Review of solar photovoltaic and wind hybrid energy systems for sizing strategies optimization techniques and cost analysis methodologies

This paper presents an overview of the integration of renewable energy resources in the urban sector. The article also describes the current global energy demand and growth challenges that the world is currently facing. The literature survey on the global energy scenario and renewable energy integration, which mainly involves solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESS), is presented. The paper also addresses the different contexts of using renewable energy resources (RERs) and grid-connected applications. It develops the concept of PV energy storage integration in commercial building applications. Since the common RERs such as wind and solar vary according to seasonal and geographic locations, an outline of the energy storage system that provides a platform for optimal use of RERs is also presented. This structure refers to their ability and dynamic structure that can combine with the renewable power generation to maximise the use of RERs and to ensure the total energy supply to the load. It was observed that the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) which are connected to the grid is beneficial when the PV and energy storage system (ESS) are smartly mixed with the utility grid. The primary purpose of this energy mix is to assist in improving the dynamic performance of any electrical network operating in a commercial building setup. Thus, this research work analyses the possibility of designing dynamic behaviour for energy management for commercial building applications in South Africa.

An overview of renewable energy resources and grid integration for commercial building applications

Cleaner production of combined cooling, heating, power and water for isolated buildings with an innovative hybrid (solar, wind and LPG fuel) system

Electricity is considered a fundamental service which is highly correlated with sustainable development. Nigeria will serve as a case study that has been experiencing an energy deficit, and severely needs a strong adoption of alternative energy sources. This paper provides a detailed assessment of a grid-connected photovoltaic/wind/biogas hybrid energy system in the northern part of Nigeria using a combined Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER), Microsoft Excel, and Ganzleitliche Bilanz (GaBi) tools. They are based on techno-economic modeling and optimization as well as comparison with the same configuration in its off-grid form. Sensitivity analysis as well as an energy efficiency assessment of the proposed grid-connected system was carried out, followed by a supplementary economic benefit assessment of a system switch over and an evaluation of the impacts of life cycle emissions. A wrap-up reliability assessment based on the utility grid status quo and policy implications was also carried out. The results of the analysis for the grid-connected system showed a 3% increase in the overall energy supply, and a 68% and 85% decrease in net present costs (NPC) and levelized costs of energy (LCOE), respectively, with avoided emissions as compared to its comparable off-grid configuration. Moreover, the energy efficiency (EE) determined for the proposed grid-connected system resulted in a massive reduction in the component sizing, energy supply, and an ultimate 88% and 81% reduction in overall NPC and LCOE, respectively. The sensitivity analysis as well as the other supplementary evaluations indicated clear impacts on the different performance measures. This approach is worthy of adoption coupled with expansions for an effective solution to the energy deficit and its sustainability in the case study country. This could be successfully provided if all the reliability concerns for the utility grid and policy measures are addressed significantly.

/pdf/assessment-of-a-decentralized-grid-connected-photovoltaic-pv-8kzlam4irg.pdf

Assessment of a decentralized grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) / wind / biogas hybrid power system in northern Nigeria

The requirement of electrical energy is increasing in domestic as well as industrial applications. To meet the necessity of energy more resources are needed and furthermore environmental health should be taken care of. Due to use of conventional sources such as petroleum and coal, environment is debasing. As electric energy is the most reliable source of energy, generation of electric energy by using natural or non-conventional resources such as wind and solar energy is necessary. For generating more and more energy these resources should be used in efficient and smart manner. For that purpose this paper proposes a review of using hybrid of solar tracker and vertical wind mill.

https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRCW06004.pdf

Hybrid renewable energy system: a review

Nowadays, there is lots of pressure on service and manufacturing firms to keep its good place in market and provide quick delivery of products.Therefore, firms useddifferentmaintenance techniques to reduce breakdowns in machines so that delivery of products at right time.Most often used technique is FMECA i.e. Failure Mode Effect and Criticality Analysis, but it takes into account only three parameters i.e. asperity, happening and disclosure. Based on literature review these attributes (risk of failure, spare parts, non-observation, maintainability, economic price and economic safety) are recognized. In this present work, an integrated model is proposed for improving the maintenance policies. In this model, method of Shannon's entropy is used to computing the weight of criterion then using these weights maintenance criticality ranking is generated with the help of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) technique i.e.Simple Additive Weighing (SAW). The application of the planned approach has been verified with real life case study on Ring Frame machine in a textile industry. Results from ranking shows \"20T spur gear cut (D6)\" at topmost position and requires highest attention when policy decisions for maintenance of ring frame machine are made. Index Terms Maintenance, FMECA, Shannon's Entropy, SAW.

Failure mode criticality analysis using saw method: a case study

Developing countries have outskirts between existing power supply and electricity stipulate. With increasing electricity stipulate, new generation needs to be brought in renewable sources of electricity such as hydro, geothermal or wind provide electricity at a much lower cost. But their capital outlay is large, they are complex and take much longer to execute. Diesel based generation is usually brought in the short term to meet this demand for Buildings, which results in increased outlay of electricity. Investments in energy efficiency in a building can be compared with the cost of capital investments obligatory on the supply side of the energy system to generate a similar amount of crest capacity or annual energy production The Paper aims to provide an overview of energy efficiency in buildings, describe and analyze current approaches to prop up new buildings. Index Terms Energy, Conservation, Efficiency, building, heating, ventilation, policy.

Kulvir Singh

Papers

Hybrid renewable energy system: a review

Failure mode criticality analysis using saw method: a case study

Power green buildings: review