L A Elkonin

Bio: L A Elkonin is an academic researcher. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 3 citations.

Influence of different types of sterile cytoplasms (A3, A4, 9E) on the combining ability of CMS lines of sorghum.

Abstract: Investigation of the effect of the cytoplasm on the combining ability (CA) of lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is of considerable interest in terms of understanding the genetic functions of the cytoplasm and for practical purposes to create hybrids with improved economically valuable traits. In order to investigate the effect of different types of sterile cytoplasm (A3, A4, 9E) on CA in sorghum, we studied the manifestation of a number of biological and agronomic traits in 54 F1 hybrid combinations obtained using iso-nuclear CMS lines with the nuclear genome of the line Zheltozernoye 10, differing only in the types of sterile cytoplasm (A3, A4 and 9E). Eighteen varieties and lines of grain sorghum developed at the Russian Research and Project-technological Institute of Sorghum and Maize were used as paternal parents. The CA was determined by the topcross method. F1 hybrids and their parents were grown in 2015-2017 in conditions of insufficient (2015-2016: HTC (hydro-thermal coefficient) = 0.32-0.66), or good water availability conditions (2017: HTC = 1.00). On average, for three years of testing, a positive effect of the 9E cytoplasm on the general combining ability (GCA) (0.63) and negative effects of the A3 and A4 cytoplasms (-0.32 and -0.31) for the inflorescence length were noted. In dry seasons, significant positive effects of the 9E cytoplasm on GCA for the length of the largest leaf, and positive effects of the A3 cytoplasm on GCA for the plant height, and negative effects of the A4 cytoplasm on GCA for these traits were observed. No differences were observed during the wet season. The type of CMS did not affect the GCA for the width of the largest leaf and grain yield. The dispersion of specific combining ability (SCA) in the dry seasons was significant for the following traits: leaf length, plant height, panicle length and width, and grain yield, the 9E cytoplasm had the highest SCA dispersion, whereas the A4 cytoplasm had the smallest one. The data obtained indicate that different types of sterile cytoplasm of sorghum make a different contribution to CA under conditions of drought stress.

Directions of breeding of grain sorghum in the lower Volga region of Russia.

Abstract: Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is a versatile crop, corn which is used for forage and fodder (for feeding agricultural animals, birds, fishes), as well as a source of raw materials for the food processing industry. Especially important is the cultivation of sorghum in the lower Volga region of Russia, characterized by frequent soil and air droughts. In “Rossorgo” scouting for earliness, high yield, improved grain quality, resistance to diseases and pests. The test sorghum genotypes were conducted at the experimental field of center “Rossorgo” in 2014–2016. All records of productivity elements of productivity and biochemical evaluation of grains are made according to standard techniques. The results of long-term work were identified and approved for use in the lower Volga region 12 varieties and 2 hybrids of sorghum. Varieties Pischevoe 35, Pischevoe 614, Кremovoe, Fakel can be used in the food industry. Grits from grain of sorghum has a higher ratio of the cooking property in comparison with cereals from other cultures. The early-maturing varieties Perspektivny 1 and Start, intended for planting with different width of spacing – 15, 45 and 70 cm were bred. Varieties of Granat, Volzhskoe 44, Avans and hybrids Irgiz, Volgar, combine high yields (5.31–10.8 t/ha) and 11.32–12.56% of crude protein in grain. Heterotic hybrids of Irgiz and Volgar are by tall (149.6 of 175.9 cm) and highest grain yield (8.02–10.8 t/ha). As raw material for starch varieties recommended Avans, Volzhskoe 44, Sarmat, Perspektivny 1, Geliofor, Volzhskoe 4, Topaz and hybrid Volgar with content in grain starch 72.31–75.60%. New varieties (Azart, Geliofor, Magistr, Bogdan, Bakalavr, Granat) characterized by a high content of starch (71.47–74.50%) and medium protein (the 11.04–12.59%), pass state testing. Thus, “Rossorgo” offers a farmer a range of cultivars and hybrids of grain sorghum, allowing the obtaining stable yields of grain and extending the use of culture in the region.

The response of maize lines to the Paraguay type of CMS

Abstract: Abstract. The development of cytosterile maize hybrids in Russia is a necessary condition for their wide implementation into production. To develop such hybrids, it’s greatly relevant to be aware how the lines react to sterile cytoplasm. The study was carried out at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (“ARC “Donskoy”) in 2010–2021. The purpose of the current study was to classify the new self-pollinated maize lines according to the composition of the fertility-restoring genes of the Paraguay (C) type of CMS, to optimize the number of analyzing test-crosses. Methods. As initial material there have been used 45 new self-pollinated maize lines and 8 sources of sterility with different genetic structure. The method of complete top-crosses there have been identified 360 maize hybrids, used for estimation of the new lines’ reaction. Results. According to the study results, the sterility-fixing lines KV 204, SP 286, DS 255, SP 207, DS 180, which had no fertility-restoring genes in the dominant state, belonged to the I class. As the natural complete constant fertility-restorers there has been recommended to use the lines of the VIII class KV 498, KV 272, KV 7/07, SP 357, RD 261, DS 295, SP 210, SP 197, DS 177, DS 188, having all three dominant genes Rf4, Rf5, Rf6 in the genotype. The incomplete sterility-fixing lines included the lines of the II–IV classes (KV 3, RD 245, SP 198, etc.). The incomplete fertility-restoring lines were the lines of the V–VII classes (KV 469, RD 331, KV 276, etc.). There has been found out that the most common lines were the lines of the V (24.4%) and VIII (22.3 %) classes. The scientific novelty of the study was an optimal number and genetic structure of the analyzers WF 9c of the V class, Lc of the VI class and W 401c of the VII class, which are necessary for crossings and allow identifying lines according to the fertility-restoring genes.

Effect of sterile cytoplasms on content of absolutely dry matter in the grain sorghum hybrids

Abstract: Analysis of absolutely dry matter (ADM) accumulation is important indicator of productivity of crop plants. For three seasons, we investigated the effect of sterile cytoplasms on content of ADM in the F 1 hybrids of grain sorghum obtained on the basis of two series of alloplasmic iso-nuclear CMS-lines: (1) with A3, A4, and 9E cytoplasms and (2) with 9E and M35-1A cytoplasms. For the first time, the effect of the type of sterile cytoplasm on content of ADM in the F1 sorghum hybrids was shown. In each season, A3 cytoplasm reduced ADM in the F1 hybrids at the “tillering – heading” stage, whereas 9E cytoplasm increased ADM at the “heading – complete maturity” stage. The most significant differences were observed under drought conditions. These data indicate the genetic influence of cytoplasm on assimilation capacity of sorghum hybrids and tolerance to drought stress.