3D modelling of archaeological and historical structures is the new frontier in the field of conservation science. Similarly, the identification of buried finds, which enhances their multimedia diffusion and restoration, has gained relevance. As such sites often have a high level of structural complexity and complicated territorial geometries, accuracy in the creation of 3D models and the use of sophisticated algorithms for georadar data analysis are crucial. This research is the first step in a larger project aimed at reclaiming the ancient villages located in the Greek area of southern Italy. The present study focuses on the restoration of the village of Africo (RC), a village hit by past flooding. The survey began with a laser scan of the church of St. Nicholas, using both the Faro Focus3D and the Riegl LMS-Z420i laser scanner. At the same time, georadar analyses were carried out in order to pinpoint any buried objects. In the processing phase, our own MATLAB algorithms were used for both laser scanner and georadar datasets and the results compared with those obtained from the scanners’ respective proprietary software. We are working to develop a tourism app in both augmented and virtual reality environments, in order to disseminate and improve access to cultural heritage. The app allows users to see the 3D model and simultaneously access information on the site integrated from a variety of repositories. The aim is to create an immersive visit, in this case, to the church of St. Nicholas. Highlights: Use of different algorithms for registration of terrestrial laser scans and analysis of the data obtained. 3D acquisition, processing and restitution methodology from georadar data. Implementation of a tourist app in both virtual and augmented reality by integrating geomatics methodologies.

https://polipapers.upv.es/index.php/var/article/download/10361/10999

Integration of geomatics methodologies and creation of a cultural heritage app using augmented reality

Ground-penetrating Radar (GPR) sections commonly suffer from strong scattered energy and weak reflectors with distorted lateral continuity. This is mainly due to the gradual variation of mo...

Ground-penetrating radar data diffraction focusing without a velocity model

El presente artículo presenta una revisión de los hallazgos hechos en el sitio de Tingambato, en el centro sur de Michoacán, México, a la luz de los últimos trabajos realizados en los pasados siete años, haciendo uso de tecnologías recientes. En este trabajo se hace un estudio completo de la arquitectura, los materiales y especialmente los fechamientos que nos permiten finalmente poder establecer la ocupación de este importante sitio arqueológico durante los primeros 900 años de nuestra era. Finalmente se presenta un estudio apoyado en el uso de reconstrucciones virtuales, trabajos fotogramétricos y lidar de los contextos de dos impresionantes tumbas halladas en el sitio arqueológico, que nos permiten entender de mejor manera las costumbres funerarias de los sectores de élite de este grupo.

Revisitando las exploraciones arqueológicas en el sitio de Tingambato, Michoacán: Nuevos datos, nuevas tecnologías

The Fort of San Diego is an ancient Spanish fortress built in the early 17th century and restored, after a severe earthquake, in the 18th century. To establish the architectural modifications through time and the relevance of the fort as a witness of Acapulco's history we used the non-invasive GPR technique. The objective was to detect the existence of tunnels or other anthropogenic features undertaken through time on this fortress. GPR results showed evidence of cylinders and foundation walls of the original fort and, maybe, the existence of voids.

Ground penetrating radar investigation of an ancient Spanish fortress: The Fort of San Diego, Acapulco, Mexico

GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) data migration requires a detailed velocity model, which can be acquired only by implementing multi-offset measurements. Today, the mostly used antenna array is the common-offset due to its limited time needed for measurements and the relatively simple processing steps in order to reach the final GPR section. This-, leads to migration processes based on limited information of cores or other ground truth knowledge. Unfortunately, it is also a fact that a great number of researches are based on the interpretation of non migrated images, which leads to misinterpretation pitfalls. Time migration gathers the energy of the diffractions at their apex and place the reflections in their correct position. Thus, migration can be considered as a very important processing step in order to achieve an adequate interpretation of the radargrams. Here, multi-path summation is utilized for obtaining GPR sections containing sufficiently focused diffractions in order to enhance the lateral continuity of reflections. Moreover, it is demonstrated that this can be implemented without the need of a velocity model, making it an appropriate time migration method for zero-offset data.

GPR Data Multipath Summation: Diffractions Focusing Without a Velocity Model

Summary Tingambato was one of the major archaeological sites in west Mexico (latitude 19°30′N, longitude 101°51′W at an elevation of 1930 m asl.) during the Classic period, but unfortunately we know little about its particular chronology. The geology of the site is dominated by recent volcanic activity (Pliocene/Quaternary) and the bedrock is composed of young volcanic basaltic-andesite, andesite and dacite rocks and the volcanic ejects develop soils characteristics classified as Andisols. In this study we present the results of GPR and ERT measurements performed on Tingambato site in 2017. We have defined new location areas for excavations which are planned to be held in September 2017.

L.A. Villa-Alvarado

Papers

Applying Gpr Amplitude Maps And Ert For Characterizing Archaeological Site Of Tingambato, Michoacan, Western Mexico

Ground penetrating radar investigation of an ancient Spanish fortress: The Fort of San Diego, Acapulco, Mexico