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Author

L. Capps

Bio: L. Capps is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Public health & Plague (disease). The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 51 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of links between racial residential segregation and estimated ambient air toxics exposures and their associated cancer risks using modeled concentration estimates from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Air Toxics Assessment suggests that disparities associated with ambientAir toxics are affected by segregation and that these exposures may have health significance for populations across racial lines.
Abstract: This study examines links between racial residential segregation and estimated ambient air toxics exposures and their associated cancer risks using modeled concentration estimates from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Air Toxics Assessment. We combined pollutant concentration estimates with potencies to calculate cancer risks by census tract for 309 metropolitan areas in the United States. This information was combined with socioeconomic status (SES) measures from the 1990 Census. Estimated cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics were highest in tracts located in metropolitan areas that were highly segregated. Disparities between racial/ethnic groups were also wider in more segregated metropolitan areas. Multivariate modeling showed that, after controlling for tract-level SES measures, increasing segregation amplified the cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics for all racial groups combined [highly segregated areas: relative cancer risk (RCR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-107; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.28-1.36]. This segregation effect was strongest for Hispanics (highly segregated areas: RCR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.61-1.88) and weaker among whites (highly segregated areas: RCR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.24-1.33), African Americans (highly segregated areas: RCR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.98-1.21; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.24-1.53), and Asians (highly segregated areas: RCR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.97-1.24; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16-1.51). Results suggest that disparities associated with ambient air toxics are affected by segregation and that these exposures may have health significance for populations across racial lines.

377 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A conceptual framework for studying how urban living affects population health is presented, based on the assumption that urban populations are defined by size, density, diversity, and complexity and that health in urban populations is a function of living conditions that are in turn shaped by municipal determinants and global and national trends.

330 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A foundational theory of smart decline that takes as its starting point discussions of ethics, equity, and social justice in the planning and political theory literature, but is well grounded in observations of successful smart decline practice is presented in this paper.
Abstract: Economic decline has led to a new wave of population decline throughout the US, meaning more and more cities are shrinking. Growing interest in using smart decline principles to respond to shrinkage has been met with controversy in cities such as Detroit and Cleveland. This paper advances a foundational theory of smart decline that takes as its starting point discussions of ethics, equity, and social justice in the planning and political theory literature, but is well grounded in observations of successful smart decline practice.

263 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of race-based segregation in the United States is presented and a framework for understanding its implications for environmental health disparities is proposed and applications of segregation measures for assessing disparities in ambient air pollution burdens across racial groups are discussed.

257 citations

01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the authors look at the context, content, and nature of the research and the factors that led to these early implementation successes and track the extent to which these original models are still affecting decision making in emergency response systems.
Abstract: W the goal of OR/MS is to aid decision makers, implementation of published models occurs less frequently than one might hope. However, one area that has been significantly impacted by management science is emergency response systems. Dozens of papers on emergency service management appeared in the OR/MS literature in the 1970s alone, many of which were published in Management Science. Three of these papers won major prizes. More importantly, many of these papers led to the implementation of substantially new policies and practices, particularly in policing and firefighting. Much of this work originated in New York City, though many other cities subsequently adopted the resulting models and strategies. In this paper, we look at the context, content, and nature of the research and the factors that led to these early implementation successes. We then track the extent to which these original models are still affecting decision making in emergency response systems. We also examine the pace of development of new OR/MS models and applications in the area. Finally, we look at issues in emergency responsiveness that have emerged recently as a result of the national focus on terrorism and discuss the potential for future OR/MS modeling and application.

174 citations