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L. Ettlinger

Bio: L. Ettlinger is an academic researcher from Ciba Specialty Chemicals. The author has contributed to research in topics: Echinomycin & Actinomyces. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 11 publications receiving 389 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aus Kulturfiltrat und Mycel eines Streptomyces viridochromogenes oder Strobelsomycetes nahestehenden strobelsyceten wurde neben Actidion eine neutrale, farblose, kristalline Verbindung C30H48O9, das Nonactin, isoliert, die chemisch wenig reaktiv ist und gegenuber den untersuchten Mikroorganismen unwir
Abstract: Aus Kulturfiltrat und Mycel eines Streptomyces viridochromogenes oder Streptomyces olivochromogenes nahestehenden Streptomyceten wurde neben Actidion eine neutrale, farblose, kristalline Verbindung C30H48O9, das Nonactin, isoliert, die chemisch wenig reaktiv ist und gegenuber den untersuchten Mikroorganismen unwirksam oder nur schwach wirksam war.

84 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aus den Kulturbruhen von Streptomyces echinatus n. sp. wurde ein neues lipophiles neutrales antibioticum -das Echinomycin, C29H37O7N7S - isoliert und durch analytische Daten, UV-and IR- Absorptionsspektrum, sowie biologische Wirksamkeit charakterisiert as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Aus den Kulturbruhen von Streptomyces echinatus n. sp. wurde ein neues lipophiles, neutrales Antibioticum – das Echinomycin, C29H37O7N7S – isoliert und durch analytische Daten, UV.- und IR.- Absorptionsspektrum, sowie biologische Wirksamkeit charakterisiert.

78 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aus dem Kulturfiltrat eines Streptomyceten-Stammes, der vorlaufig bei Waksman et al. as discussed by the authors, liess sich ein kristalliner, antibiotisch wirksamer Farbstoff with lackmusahnlichen Eigenschaften (das Granaticin) isolatedieren.
Abstract: Aus dem Kulturfiltrat eines Streptomyceten-Stammes, der vorlaufig bei Streptomyces olivaceus (Waksman) Waksman & Henrici eingeordnet wurde, liess sich ein kristalliner, antibiotisch wirksamer Farbstoff mit lackmusahnlichen Eigenschaften—das Granaticin—isolieren. Wie aus dem auf rontgenographischem Wege bestimmten Molekulargewicht, den analytischen Daten und Absorptionsspektren des Farbstoffes und seines Tetra-O-acetyl-Derivates folgt, handelt es sich vermutlich um eine tricyclische Tetrahydroxy-chinon-dicarbonsaure C22H20O10.

60 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a gelbe, lipophile Antibioticum Holomycin, C7,H6;O2,N2,S2, welches aus den Kulturfiltraten des Actinomyceten-Stammes ETH 17474 isoliert wurde, besitzt die Konstitution IV eines Des-Nmethyl-thiolutins.
Abstract: Das gelbe, lipophile Antibioticum Holomycin, C7,H6;O2,N2,S2, welches aus den Kulturfiltraten des Actinomyceten-Stammes ETH. 17474 isoliert wurde, besitzt die Konstitution IV eines Des-N-methyl-thiolutins.

48 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aus dem Kulturfiltrat von Streptomyces narbonensis n. sp. wurde ein neues lipophiles kristallines basisches Antibioticum C28H47O7N, das Narbomycin, isoliert as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Aus dem Kulturfiltrat von Streptomyces narbonensis n. sp. wurde ein neues lipophiles kristallines basisches Antibioticum C28H47O7N, das Narbomycin, isoliert.

44 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
10 Sep 1965-Science
TL;DR: Chromomycin and olivomycin form complexes with DNA, preferably in the helical form, but not with RNA, and none of the other antibiotics requires the presence of any single base in the template for its action.
Abstract: Echinomycin, daunomycin, ethidium bromide, nogalamycin, chromomycin, mithramycin, and olivomycin inhibit RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase by interacting with the DNA template. Chromomycin and olivomycin form complexes with DNA, preferably in the helical form, but not with RNA. These complexes require guanine in DNA and the addition of a stoichiometric amount of bivalent cation. None of the other antibiotics requires the presence of any single base in the template for its action.

474 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1984-Nature
TL;DR: The isolation of a large continuous segment of Streptomyces coelicolor DNA which apparently carries the complete genetic information required for synthesis of an antibiotic, actinorhodin, from simple primary metabolites is described.
Abstract: The application of molecular cloning to antibiotic-producing microorganisms should lead to enhanced antibiotic productivity and to the biosynthesis of novel antibiotics by in vitro interspecific recombination. To allow such approaches, the genes for antibiotic synthesis must be isolated, analysed and perhaps modified. Certain Streptomyces species produce nearly two-thirds of the known natural antibiotics; the recent development of cloning systems in the genus makes it possible to isolate and analyse Streptomyces genes. However, antibiotics are metabolites which require sets of several enzymes for their synthesis and attempts to isolate the corresponding genes have so far yielded clones carrying either individual genes of the set, or only incomplete gene sets. We describe here the isolation of a large continuous segment of Streptomyces coelicolor DNA which apparently carries the complete genetic information required for synthesis of an antibiotic, actinorhodin , from simple primary metabolites. Not only can the cloned DNA 'complement' all available classes of actinorhodin non-producing mutants of S. coelicolor but, on introduction into a different host, Streptomyces parvulus , it directs the synthesis of the antibiotic. The tendency for the genes for antibiotic synthesis to be clustered together on the chromosomes of Streptomyces species and the availability of plasmid vectors which can carry stable inserts of DNA larger than 30 kilobase pairs (kb) and which can be introduced efficiently into Streptomyces protoplasts, suggest that the experiments described have general significance for this area of biotechnology.

447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Apr 1985-Nature
TL;DR: The production of novel compounds by gene transfer between strains producing the isochromanequinone antibiotics actinorhodin, granaticin13 and medermycin14 is reported, believed to be the first report of the production of hybrid antibiotics by genetic engineering.
Abstract: The recent development of molecular cloning systems in Streptomyces has made possible the isolation of biosynthetic genes for some of the many antibiotics produced by members of this important genus of bacteria. Such clones can now be used to test the idea that novel antibiotics could arise through the transfer of biosynthetic genes between streptomycetes producing different antibiotics. The likelihood of a 'hybrid' compound being produced must depend on the substrate specificities of the biosynthetic enzymes, about which little is known. In attempts to demonstrate hybrid antibiotic production, we therefore began with strains producing different members of the same chemical class of compounds in order to maximize the chance of success. Here we report the production of novel compounds by gene transfer between strains producing the isochromanequinone antibiotics actinorhodin, granaticin and medermycin. These experiments were made possible by the recent cloning of the whole set of genes for the biosynthetic pathway of actinorhodin from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (ref. 8). We believe that this represents the first report of the production of hybrid antibiotics by genetic engineering.

358 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current knowledge of the versatility of N-methylation in modulating biological, structural, and pharmacokinetic properties of peptides is summarized.
Abstract: N-Methylation is one of the simplest chemical modifications often occurring in peptides and proteins of prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes. Over years of evolution, nature has employed N-methylation of peptides as an ingenious technique to modulate biological function, often as a mode of survival through the production of antibiotics. This small structural change can not only mobilize large protein complexes (as in the histone methylation), but also inhibits the action of enzymes by selective recognition of protein-protein interaction surfaces. In recent years through the advancement in synthetic approaches, the potential of N-methylation has begun to be revealed, not only in modulating biological activity and selectivity as well as pharmacokinetic properties of peptides, but also in delivering novel drugs. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the versatility of N-methylation in modulating biological, structural, and pharmacokinetic properties of peptides.

355 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Candida lipolytica synthetisiert das Antibioticum Tryptanthrin aus 1 Mol Tryptophan and 1 Mol Anthranilsaure as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Candida lipolytica synthetisiert das Antibioticum Tryptanthrin aus 1 Mol Tryptophan und 1 Mol Anthranilsaure. Bei Verfutterung von Tryptophan und substituierter Anthranilsaure, bzw. substituiertem Tryptophan und Anthranilsaure, konnten die zu erwartenden Tryptanthrinderivate isoliert und identifiziert werden. Die Enzyme der Tryptanthrinbiosynthese wiesen in bezug auf diese Substrate, mit Ausnahme von Bromtryptophan, keine Spezifitat auf. Parallel zu diesen Versuchen wurden durch chemische Synthese substituierte Tryptanthrine hergestellt. Die Dierivate wurden auf ihre antibiotische Wirksamkeit gepruft; als besonders wirksam erwiesen sich die halogenierten Verbindungen.

328 citations