Author
L. Scibile
Other affiliations: European Council
Bio: L. Scibile is an academic researcher from CERN. The author has contributed to research in topics: Large Hadron Collider & Higgs boson. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 13 publications receiving 535 citations. Previous affiliations of L. Scibile include European Council.
Papers
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A. Abada1, Marcello Abbrescia2, Marcello Abbrescia3, Shehu S. AbdusSalam4 +1496 more•Institutions (238)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the detailed design and preparation of a construction project for a post-LHC circular energy frontier collider in collaboration with national institutes, laboratories and universities worldwide, and enhanced by a strong participation of industrial partners.
Abstract: Particle physics has arrived at an important moment of its history. The discovery of the Higgs boson, with a mass of 125 GeV, completes the matrix of particles and interactions that has constituted the “Standard Model” for several decades. This model is a consistent and predictive theory, which has so far proven successful at describing all phenomena accessible to collider experiments. However, several experimental facts do require the extension of the Standard Model and explanations are needed for observations such as the abundance of matter over antimatter, the striking evidence for dark matter and the non-zero neutrino masses. Theoretical issues such as the hierarchy problem, and, more in general, the dynamical origin of the Higgs mechanism, do likewise point to the existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. This report contains the description of a novel research infrastructure based on a highest-energy hadron collider with a centre-of-mass collision energy of 100 TeV and an integrated luminosity of at least a factor of 5 larger than the HL-LHC. It will extend the current energy frontier by almost an order of magnitude. The mass reach for direct discovery will reach several tens of TeV, and allow, for example, to produce new particles whose existence could be indirectly exposed by precision measurements during the earlier preceding e+e– collider phase. This collider will also precisely measure the Higgs self-coupling and thoroughly explore the dynamics of electroweak symmetry breaking at the TeV scale, to elucidate the nature of the electroweak phase transition. WIMPs as thermal dark matter candidates will be discovered, or ruled out. As a single project, this particle collider infrastructure will serve the world-wide physics community for about 25 years and, in combination with a lepton collider (see FCC conceptual design report volume 2), will provide a research tool until the end of the 21st century. Collision energies beyond 100 TeV can be considered when using high-temperature superconductors. The European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) update 2013 stated “To stay at the forefront of particle physics, Europe needs to be in a position to propose an ambitious post-LHC accelerator project at CERN by the time of the next Strategy update”. The FCC study has implemented the ESPP recommendation by developing a long-term vision for an “accelerator project in a global context”. This document describes the detailed design and preparation of a construction project for a post-LHC circular energy frontier collider “in collaboration with national institutes, laboratories and universities worldwide”, and enhanced by a strong participation of industrial partners. Now, a coordinated preparation effort can be based on a core of an ever-growing consortium of already more than 135 institutes worldwide. The technology for constructing a high-energy circular hadron collider can be brought to the technology readiness level required for constructing within the coming ten years through a focused R&D programme. The FCC-hh concept comprises in the baseline scenario a power-saving, low-temperature superconducting magnet system based on an evolution of the Nb3Sn technology pioneered at the HL-LHC, an energy-efficient cryogenic refrigeration infrastructure based on a neon-helium (Nelium) light gas mixture, a high-reliability and low loss cryogen distribution infrastructure based on Invar, high-power distributed beam transfer using superconducting elements and local magnet energy recovery and re-use technologies that are already gradually introduced at other CERN accelerators. On a longer timescale, high-temperature superconductors can be developed together with industrial partners to achieve an even more energy efficient particle collider or to reach even higher collision energies.The re-use of the LHC and its injector chain, which also serve for a concurrently running physics programme, is an essential lever to come to an overall sustainable research infrastructure at the energy frontier. Strategic R&D for FCC-hh aims at minimising construction cost and energy consumption, while maximising the socio-economic impact. It will mitigate technology-related risks and ensure that industry can benefit from an acceptable utility. Concerning the implementation, a preparatory phase of about eight years is both necessary and adequate to establish the project governance and organisation structures, to build the international machine and experiment consortia, to develop a territorial implantation plan in agreement with the host-states’ requirements, to optimise the disposal of land and underground volumes, and to prepare the civil engineering project. Such a large-scale, international fundamental research infrastructure, tightly involving industrial partners and providing training at all education levels, will be a strong motor of economic and societal development in all participating nations. The FCC study has implemented a set of actions towards a coherent vision for the world-wide high-energy and particle physics community, providing a collaborative framework for topically complementary and geographically well-balanced contributions. This conceptual design report lays the foundation for a subsequent infrastructure preparatory and technical design phase.
425 citations
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A. Abada1, Marcello Abbrescia2, Marcello Abbrescia3, Shehu S. AbdusSalam4 +1501 more•Institutions (239)
TL;DR: In this article, the physics opportunities of the Future Circular Collider (FC) were reviewed, covering its e+e-, pp, ep and heavy ion programs, and the measurement capabilities of each FCC component, addressing the study of electroweak, Higgs and strong interactions.
Abstract: We review the physics opportunities of the Future Circular Collider, covering its e+e-, pp, ep and heavy ion programmes. We describe the measurement capabilities of each FCC component, addressing the study of electroweak, Higgs and strong interactions, the top quark and flavour, as well as phenomena beyond the Standard Model. We highlight the synergy and complementarity of the different colliders, which will contribute to a uniquely coherent and ambitious research programme, providing an unmatchable combination of precision and sensitivity to new physics.
407 citations
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01 Sep 2019TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Mask R-CNN can be used to localize cracks on concrete surfaces and obtain their corresponding masks to aid extract other properties that are useful for inspection.
Abstract: In order to avoid possible failures and prevent damage in civil infrastructures, such as tunnels and bridges, inspection should be done on a regular basis. Cracks are one of the earliest indications of degradation, hence, their detection allows preventive measures to be taken to avoid further damage. In this paper, we demonstrate that Mask R-CNN can be used to localize cracks on concrete surfaces and obtain their corresponding masks to aid extract other properties that are useful for inspection. Such a tool can help mitigate the drawbacks of manual inspection by automating crack detection, lowering time consumption in executing this task, reducing costs and increasing the safety of the personnel. To train Mask R-CNN for crack detection we built a groundtruth database of masks on images from a subset of a standard crack dataset. Tests on the trained model achieved a precision value of 93.94 % and a recall of 77.5 %.
26 citations
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CERN1
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed review of legislation and technical concepts within the scope of reusing excavated rock and soil across Europe focusing on the Alpine countries is presented, where Austria, Switzerland and France prove to be role models in re-using excavating material whereas Italy is providing a limited amount of national solutions.
Abstract: Re-use of excavated rock and soil from subsurface tunnelling has become an essential legal and technical factor in underground construction projects. European Union initiatives have caused an emergence of legal documents and technical guidelines for re-using excavated material. An improving situation towards a homogeneous European legislation is missing and site-specific re-use solutions are still favoured within the framework of national legislation. In this paper, we present a detailed review of legislation and technical concepts within the scope of re-using excavated rock and soil across Europe focusing on the Alpine countries. Austria, Switzerland and France prove to be role models in re-using excavating material whereas Italy is providing a limited amount of national solutions. Excavated rock and soil are still considered waste, which hampers legislation procedures and efficient technical re-use as a potential resource. National guidelines and recommendations bear huge potential to serve as a basis for a homogenisation of European legislation. Technical limitations imply physical and chemical characterisation of excavated rock and soil as well as their positioning in relation to inert waste thresholds, which requires a sophisticated material flow analysis. We introduce a material flow analysis concept installed on a tunnel boring machine managing on-line analyses, conditioning, separation and transport to consumers of excavated material resource-efficiently within a mutual European legal framework. A dedicated European authority is suggested to undertake responsibility for the material management and governing a technical database obliged to aim for maximum, efficient re-use and public awareness.
16 citations
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TL;DR: The European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva has extensive underground facilities, which were built over the past 70 years in a weak layered sedimentary rock called the red molasse as discussed by the authors.
13 citations
Cited by
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Harvard University1, University of Washington2, Humboldt University of Berlin3, Imperial College London4, University of Belgrade5, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare6, Technical University of Berlin7, University of Bordeaux8, University of Oxford9, University of Valencia10, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory11, University of Strathclyde12, King's College London13, Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas14, University of Birmingham15, University College London16, University of Liverpool17, National Physical Laboratory18, University of Nottingham19, University of Sussex20, Fermilab21, Northern Illinois University22, Peking University23, University of Pisa24, University of California, Riverside25, University of Nevada, Reno26, CERN27, University of Niš28, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics29, Beni-Suef University30, British University in Egypt31, Leibniz University of Hanover32, Paul Sabatier University33, University of Paris34, University of Cambridge35, Wayne State University36, Stanford University37, University of Bergen38, University of Amsterdam39, Northwestern University40, University of Bristol41, University of Warsaw42, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign43, Fayoum University44, University of Crete45, Queen's University Belfast46, Brandeis University47, University of Bologna48, Cochin University of Science and Technology49, German Aerospace Center50, University of Manchester51, University of Copenhagen52, University of Düsseldorf53, University of Vienna54, Florida State University55, University of Florence56, University of Illinois at Chicago57, University of Bremen58, University of Mainz59, Chinese Academy of Sciences60, University of Cincinnati61
TL;DR: The Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE) as mentioned in this paper is a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments.
Abstract: We propose in this White Paper a concept for a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments. This interdisciplinary experiment, called Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE), will also complement other planned searches for dark matter, and exploit synergies with other gravitational wave detectors. We give examples of the extended range of sensitivity to ultra-light dark matter offered by AEDGE, and how its gravitational-wave measurements could explore the assembly of super-massive black holes, first-order phase transitions in the early universe and cosmic strings. AEDGE will be based upon technologies now being developed for terrestrial experiments using cold atoms, and will benefit from the space experience obtained with, e.g., LISA and cold atom experiments in microgravity.
259 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an assessment of the potential of future colliding beam facilities to perform Higgs boson studies, and present quantitative results on many aspects of Higgs physics for future collider projects of sufficient maturity.
Abstract: This document aims to provide an assessment of the potential of future colliding beam facilities to perform Higgs boson studies. The analysis builds on the submissions made by the proponents of future colliders to the European Strategy Update process, and takes as its point of departure the results expected at the completion of the HL-LHC program. This report presents quantitative results on many aspects of Higgs physics for future collider projects of sufficient maturity using uniform methodologies.
236 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a phenomenological parametrisation of the simplified one-generation seesaw model with one active and two sterile neutrino states in terms of experimentally measurable quantities, such as active-sterile neutrinos mixing angles, CP phases, masses and mass splittings, was introduced.
Abstract: We make a comparative study of the neutrinoless double beta decay constraints on heavy sterile neutrinos versus other direct and indirect constraints from both lepton number conserving and violating processes, as a sensitive probe of the extent of lepton number violation and possible interference effects in the sterile sector. We introduce a phenomenological parametrisation of the simplified one-generation seesaw model with one active and two sterile neutrino states in terms of experimentally measurable quantities, such as active-sterile neutrino mixing angles, CP phases, masses and mass splittings. This simple parametrisation enables us to analytically derive a spectrum of possible scenarios between the canonical seesaw with purely Majorana heavy neutrinos and inverse seesaw with pseudo-Dirac ones. We then go on to constrain the simplified parameters of this model from various experiments at the energy, intensity and cosmic frontiers. We emphasise that the constraints from lepton number violating processes strongly depend on the mass splitting between the two sterile states and the relative CP phase between them. This is particularly relevant for neutrinoless double beta decay, which is weakened for small mass splitting and opposite CP parities between the sterile states. On the other hand, neutrinoless double beta decay is especially sensitive for Majorana sterile neutrinos with masses around 0.1 − 10 GeV.
164 citations
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TL;DR: New classes of shower are introduced, for final-state radiation, that satisfy the main elements of these criteria in the widely used large-N_{C} limit, and are demonstrated' agreement with all-order analytical next-to-leading logarithmic calculations for a range of observables.
Abstract: Parton showers are among the most widely used tools in collider physics. Despite their key importance, none so far have been able to demonstrate accuracy beyond a basic level known as leading logarithmic order, with ensuing limitations across a broad spectrum of physics applications. In this Letter, we propose criteria for showers to be considered next-to-leading logarithmic accurate. We then introduce new classes of shower, for final-state radiation, that satisfy the main elements of these criteria in the widely used large-NC limit. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate these showers’ agreement with all-order analytical next-to-leading logarithmic calculations for a range of observables, something never so far achieved for any parton shower.
126 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the use of graph networks to deal with irregular geometry detectors in the context of particle reconstruction, and introduce two distance-weighted graph network architectures, dubbed GarNet and GravNet layers, and apply them to a typical particle reconstruction task.
Abstract: We explore the use of graph networks to deal with irregular-geometry detectors in the context of particle reconstruction. Thanks to their representation-learning capabilities, graph networks can exploit the full detector granularity, while natively managing the event sparsity and arbitrarily complex detector geometries. We introduce two distance-weighted graph network architectures, dubbed GarNet and GravNet layers, and apply them to a typical particle reconstruction task. The performance of the new architectures is evaluated on a data set of simulated particle interactions on a toy model of a highly granular calorimeter, loosely inspired by the endcap calorimeter to be installed in the CMS detector for the High-Luminosity LHC phase. We study the clustering of energy depositions, which is the basis for calorimetric particle reconstruction, and provide a quantitative comparison to alternative approaches. The proposed algorithms provide an interesting alternative to existing methods, offering equally performing or less resource-demanding solutions with less underlying assumptions on the detector geometry and, consequently, the possibility to generalize to other detectors.
102 citations