L. Z. Zanoni Consolo

Bio: L. Z. Zanoni Consolo is an academic researcher from Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The author has contributed to research in topics: Thermal decomposition & Thermal analysis. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 8 publications receiving 169 citations.

Thermal decomposition mechanism of iron(III) nitrate and characterization of intermediate products by the technique of computerized modeling

Abstract: The nonahydrate of iron(III) nitrate shows no phase transitions in the range of −40 to 0 °C. Both hexahydrate Fe(NO3)3·6H2O and nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3·9H2O have practically the same thermal behavior. Thermal decomposition of iron nitrate is a complex process which has a different mechanism than those described for other trivalent elements. Thermolysis begins with the successive condensation of 4 mol of the initial monomer accompanied by the loss of 4 mol of nitric acid. At higher temperature, hydrolytic processes continue with the gradual elimination of nitric acid from resulting tetramer and dimeric iron oxyhydroxide Fe4O4(OH)4 is formed. After complete dehydration, oxyhydroxide is destroyed leaving behind 2 mol of Fe2O3. The molecular mechanics method provides a helpful insight into the structural arrangement of intermediate compounds.

Thermal decomposition mechanism of aluminum nitrate octahydrate and characterization of intermediate products by the technique of computerized modeling

Abstract: Thermal decomposition of aluminum nitrate hydrate was studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy, so that all mass losses were related to the exactly coincident endothermic effects and vibrational energy levels of the evolved gases. The process starts with the simultaneous condensation of two moles of the initial monomer Al(NO3)3·8H2O. Soon after that, the resulting product Al2(NO3)6·13H2O gradually loses azeotrope HNO3 + H2O, then N2O3 and O2 and, through the formation of Al2O2(NO3)2, is transformed into aluminum oxide. The molecular mechanics method used for comparison of the potential energies of consecutive products of thermal decomposition permits an evaluation of their structural arrangement. On the basis of the results obtained, a probable mechanism for the overall decomposition of Al(NO3)3·8H2O has been proposed.

Thermal decomposition of gallium nitrate hydrate and modeling of thermolysis products

Abstract: It is well established that gallium insertion into the hydroxiapatite matrix as practiced in orthopedics protects bone from resorbtion and improves the biomechanical properties of the skeletal system. The research presented in this article is an investigation into the thermal decomposition of gallium nitrate, which is part of a complex process leading to the preparation of a hybrid matrix. It was demonstrated that after melting of the hexahydrate in its own water there occurs a simultaneous condensation of 4 mol of initial monomer Ga(NO3)3·6H2O into a tetramer Ga4O4(NO3)4. The resulting inorganic cycle gradually loses N2O5 and, through the formation of unstable oxynitrates, is transformed into gallium oxide. The use of molecular mechanics for comparing the potential energies of consecutive products of thermal decomposition permitted an evaluation of their stability and an appropriate interpretation of the experimental data.

Thermolysis mechanism of samarium nitrate hexahydrate

Abstract: Thermal decomposition of samarium nitrate hexahydrate Sm(NO3)3·6H2O has been investigated by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. This is a complex process that involves slow dehydration and fast concomitant internal hydrolysis. It is markedly different from the processes described for other members of the lanthanide series. At the first stage, pyrolysis is accompanied by removal of water and nitric acid to form samarium pentahydrate Sm(NO3)3·5H2O and intermediate oxonitrates containing O–Sm–OH groups. No traces of SmONO3 were detected. It is assumed that the existence of intermediate structures with six atoms of samarium best fits the experimental results. At higher temperatures, these products undergo further degradation, lose nitrogen dioxide, water, and oxygen, and finally, after having lost lattice water, are transformed into a cubic form of samarium oxide.

Thermolysis mechanism of chromium nitrate nonahydrate and computerized modeling of intermediate products

Abstract: Thermal decomposition of chromium nitrate nonahydrate was studied by thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and high temperature X-ray diffraction, so that mass losses were related to the exactly coincident endothermic effects and vibrational energy levels of the evolved gases. The thermal decomposition of chromium nitrate is a complex process, which begins with the simultaneous dehydration and concurrent condensation of 4 mol of the initial monomer Cr(NO3)3·9H2O. Soon after that, the resulting product Cr4N12O36·31H2O gradually loses water and azeotrope HNO3 + H2O, and is transformed into tetrameric oxynitrate Cr4N4O16. At higher temperatures, the tetramer loses N2O3 and O2 and a simultaneous oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(IV) occurs. The resulting composition at this stage is chromium dioxide dimer Cr4O8. Finally, at 447 °C the unstable dimer loses oxygen and is transformed into 2Cr2O3. The models of intermediate amorphous compounds represent a reasonably good approximation to the real structures and a proper interpretation of experimental data.

The Basics of Crystallography and Diffraction

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Thermal decomposition mechanism of iron(III) nitrate and characterization of intermediate products by the technique of computerized modeling

Abstract: The nonahydrate of iron(III) nitrate shows no phase transitions in the range of −40 to 0 °C. Both hexahydrate Fe(NO3)3·6H2O and nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3·9H2O have practically the same thermal behavior. Thermal decomposition of iron nitrate is a complex process which has a different mechanism than those described for other trivalent elements. Thermolysis begins with the successive condensation of 4 mol of the initial monomer accompanied by the loss of 4 mol of nitric acid. At higher temperature, hydrolytic processes continue with the gradual elimination of nitric acid from resulting tetramer and dimeric iron oxyhydroxide Fe4O4(OH)4 is formed. After complete dehydration, oxyhydroxide is destroyed leaving behind 2 mol of Fe2O3. The molecular mechanics method provides a helpful insight into the structural arrangement of intermediate compounds.

Catalytic graphitization of kraft lignin to graphene-based structures with four different transitional metals

Abstract: Catalytic graphitization of kraft lignin to nano-materials was investigated over four transitional metal catalysts (Ni, Cu, Fe, and Mo) through a thermal treatment process under an argon flow at 1000 °C. The catalytic thermal process was examined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and temperature-programmed decomposition (TPD) experiments. The crystal structure and morphology of the thermal-treated metal-lignin samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Catalytic graphitization of kraft lignin to nano-materials was investigated over four transitional metal catalysts (Ni, Cu, Fe, and Mo) through a catalytic thermal treatment process. It was observed that multi-layer graphene-encapsulated metal nanoparticles were the main products, beside along with some graphene sheets/flakes. The particle sizes and graphene shell layers were significantly affected by the promoted metals. BET surface areas of samples obtained from different metal precursors were in the range of 88–115 m2/g within the order of Ni- > Fe- > Mo- > Cu-. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and temperature-programmed decomposition (TPD) experimental results showed that adding transitional metals could promote the decomposition and carbonization of kraft lignin. The catalytic activity increased with an order of Mo≅Cu < Ni≅Fe. XRD results show that face-centered cubic (fcc) Cu crystals is formed in the thermal-treated Cu-lignin sample, fcc nickel phase for the Ni-lignin sample, β-Mo2C hexagonal phase for the Mo-lignin sample and α-Fe, γ-iron, and cementite(Fe3C) for the Fe-lignin sample. Average particle sizes of these crystal phases calculated using the Scherrer formula are 52.4 nm, 56.2 nm, 21.0 nm, 23.3 nm, 11.3 nm, and 32.8 nm for Ni, Cu, β-Mo2C, α-Fe, γ-iron, and Fe3C, respectively. Raman results prove that the graphitization activity of these four metals is in the order of Cu < Mo < Ni < Fe. Metal properties such as catalytic activity, carbon solubility, and tendency of metal carbide formation were related to the graphene-based structure formation during catalytic graphitization of kraft lignin process.