Larissa Nunes Cavalheiro

Abstract: Resenha da obra: SANTILLI, Juliana. Socioambientalismo e novos direitos: protecao juridica a diversidade biologica e cultural . Sao Paulo: Fundacao Peiropolis, 2005.

Abstract: Com a chegada do Estado Social e a necessidade da implementacao de varios direitos antes negligenciados pelo Estado, o judiciario ve-se desafiado a participar de tal processo de implementacao da chamada questao social. No entanto, quando se adentra o paradigma Estado Democratico de Direito, esta situacao desafiadora aumenta em complexidade e, em quantidade. Desta forma, exige-se um novo perfil de jurisdicao e de magistrado. Assim sendo, partindo-se da relacao entre os modelos cappellettiano e dworkiniano, buscar-se-a chegar a um novo modelo de jurisdicao e, sobremodo, de juiz. Jurisdicao esta, que deve estar blindada contra todo o tipo de decisionismos e arbitrariedades judiciais. Diante disso, o juiz, embora tenha discricionariedade – nao no sentido forte –, deve ser responsavel social e constitucionalmente e, capaz de concretizar e garantir os direitos oriundos do novo paradigma juridico-estatal, bem como do novo constitucionalismo que o forjou.

Abstract: Este artigo expoe a tematica da protecao de dados pessoais no atual contexto brasileiro, que em sua Constituicao preve a privacidade como direito fundamental a ser protegido, entretanto, no que se refere aos dados pessoais inseridos na Internet, o pais ainda apresenta-se pautado na autorregulacao, pois no presente ha um Anteprojeto de Lei para tanto. Em decorrencia dessa situacao da sociedade informacional brasileira, que se discute o nivel de protecao do internauta, que oscila entre autorregulacao – empresas – e perspectiva de regulacao – Lei. Utilizando-se dos metodos dialetico e comparativo, observaram-se ambos os contextos referidos, quanto a consideracao da informacao do internauta, ora tratada como insumo do lucrativo mercado digital, ora como elementar do direito fundamental a privacidade, devendo, em ambos os casos, ser protegido.

Abstract: Em tres paginas, esta resenha sintetiza o livro de Leonardo Boff, lancado poucos meses antes da Conferencia das Nacoes Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente, a Rio+20, que aconteceu em 2012. A obra traz uma discussao sobre o uso indevido do termo pelos governos, pelas empresas, pela diplomacia e pelos meios de comunicacao. Segundo este livro, a sustentabilidade e questao de vida ou morte pois somente com ela o futuro da especie humana no Planeta Terra estara assegurado. Portanto, faz-se necessario que se distinga verdadeiramente o que e e o que nao e sustentabilidade.

Abstract: This contribution examines how and with what effects the Movement of People Threatened by Dams (MOAB) in the Ribeira Valley, Brazil, works at various scales simultaneously. It is argued that MOAB was kicked off by mobilising Afro-descendants around livelihood issues, and that one of the first anti-dam strategies was to claim quilombola recognition and land rights at the state level. MOAB soon expanded its network and broadened its agenda to include procedural justice, targeting federal and international agencies for recourse. The paper concludes that MOAB has successfully used different scales for framing, mobilisation and action, which has contributed to the dam project being put on hold for almost three decades.

Abstract: Summary Co-management, in combination with social capital, is expected to improve social–ecological outcomes in protected areas. This paper builds a model of how co-management and social capital are linked, and it investigates how they have changed over time. We emphasize that considering the temporal aspect is crucial for assessing co-management and social capital. The following factors were found to facilitate co-management: a Participatory Advisory Council as a negotiation arena that links with a community-based organization; rotating meeting location to encourage community involvement; a committed Park director and sufficient staff. A co-management process requires ongoing investment.

Abstract: We investigated the knowledge and practices of local residents in Sao Francisco do Conde, Bahia, regarding the use of medicinal and mystical plants with the aim of proposing strategies for the incorporation of phytotherapies into the local Unified Health System through local Basic Health Clinics. This municipality was founded during the early colonization of Brazil, introducing the monoculture of sugarcane and slave labor to the region, resulting in a currently largely Afro-Brazilian population. Key informants and local specialists were interviewed and workshops were undertaken at the Basic Health Clinics to collect data and information. The interviewees made 254 references to 126 plant species distributed among 107 genera and 50 families. Among the species cited with medicinal or mystical uses, 51.6% were considered autochtonous, and 42.8% were cited in at least one document of the Brazilian Health Ministry; of these, 11.1% were mentioned in four to eight documents, indicating potential for introduction to the local Unified Health System. The valorization of local knowledge and practices concerning the use of medicinal plants represents an important approach to public health efforts.

Abstract: Introduction: Communities situated in protected areas generate conflicts among park administrators, residents and scientists. Should they stay or should they go? This article presents a positive example of a community existing in a state park. The study describes the community’s governance process as well as how the park administration and the community solve the conflicts that arise and achieve a method of co-management in a multi-level governance process. Methods: The analysis is based on the Management and Transition Framework (MTF). We used a case study approach and collected data via document study, participatory observation and qualitative interviews. Results: We find that the agreed system of community-based co-management has improved the implementation and enforcement of the state park’s rules through negotiation and communication mechanisms in the park council. This relative success is due to the construction of social capital, equality and empowerment. Conclusions: For state parks in similar situations, the findings suggest that: 1) a community should have at least a minimal level of self-organization; 2) the empowerment of the community in the decision-making process is useful; 3) the park administration should gain the trust of the residents; and 4) the effective management of ecosystem services can create a win-win situation for the community as well as the park.