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Author

Laura Araújo

Bio: Laura Araújo is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Hyposmia & Parosmia. The author has co-authored 1 publications.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
24 Sep 2021
TL;DR: The aspects of olfactory impairment, including its pathophysiology, epidemiology, and clinical management in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) are reviewed.
Abstract: Altered smell is one of the most prevalent symptoms in acute COVID-19 infection. Although most patients recover normal neurosensory function in a few weeks, approximately one-tenth of patients report long-term smell dysfunction, including anosmia, hyposmia, parosmia and phantosmia, with a particularly notable impact on quality of life. In this complex scenario, inflammation and cellular damage may play a key role in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunctions and may affect olfactory signaling from the peripheral to the central nervous system. Appropriate management of smell disturbances in COVID-19 patients must focus on the underlying mechanisms and the assessment of neurosensorial pathways. This article aims to review the aspects of olfactory impairment, including its pathophysiology, epidemiology, and clinical management in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS).

3 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
04 Nov 2022-PeerJ
TL;DR: In this article , a narrative review aims to discuss the various neuroinflammatory processes during COVID-19 syndrome and its effect on adult neurogenesis and its effects on neuroinflammation was observed in COVID19 survivors 3 months after recovery.
Abstract: Persistence of symptoms beyond the initial 3 to 4 weeks after infection is defined as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). A wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms like anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders and cognitive disturbances have been observed in PACS. The review was conducted based on PRISMA-S guidelines for literature search strategy for systematic reviews. A cytokine storm in COVID-19 may cause a breach in the blood brain barrier leading to cytokine and SARS-CoV-2 entry into the brain. This triggers an immune response in the brain by activating microglia, astrocytes, and other immune cells leading to neuroinflammation. Various inflammatory biomarkers like inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins and adhesion molecules have been implicated in psychiatric disorders and play a major role in the precipitation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Impaired adult neurogenesis has been linked with a variety of disorders like depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and dementia. Persistence of neuroinflammation was observed in COVID-19 survivors 3 months after recovery. Chronic neuroinflammation alters adult neurogenesis with pro-inflammatory cytokines supressing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines favouring adult neurogenesis. Based on the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms/disorders in PACS, there is more possibility for a potential impairment in adult neurogenesis in COVID-19 survivors. This narrative review aims to discuss the various neuroinflammatory processes during PACS and its effect on adult neurogenesis.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of united airway disease interaction, which comprises chronic rhinosinusitis and other lower airway disorders such as asthma, has been recognized for over a decade and is recognized for the first time in a clinical trial.
Abstract: The concept of united airway disease interaction, which comprises chronic rhinosinusitis and other lower airway disorders such as asthma, has been recognized for over a decade [...]
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the role of human nasal epithelium in the development of post-COVID-19 parosmia has been investigated and the main physiopathological mechanism has been established for further investigations and determine treatment and preventive options for patients who have been reported to be extensively affected in multiple aspects of their lives such as eating habits and mental health.
Abstract: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the physiopathological mechanisms of its manifestations has been crucial to understand the disease and its implications. As the disease evolved, post-infection complications have arisen such as olfactory dysfunctions including parosmia in which odourants are perceived in a distorted or an unpleasant way.In this article, we attempt to clarify these mechanisms and the role of human nasal epithelium in the development of post-COVID-19 parosmia.The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 generates olfactory dysfunction have not been elucidated, and multiple theories have been proposed pointing to the sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium as the main probable target of the virus.Establishing the main physiopathological mechanism of post-COVID-19 parosmia will set a path for further investigations and determine treatment and preventive options for patients who have been reported to be extensively affected in multiple aspects of their lives such as eating habits and mental health.