Author
Laura J. Moriarty
Bio: Laura J. Moriarty is an academic researcher from Virginia Commonwealth University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Criminal justice & Poison control. The author has an hindex of 10, co-authored 21 publications receiving 585 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: The authors provide a brief review of the most salient assumptions and premises, addressing the base rate and selection ratios, methods of combining predictor variables and the nature of criterion variables chosen, cross-validation, replicability, and generalizability.
Abstract: Statistically based risk assessment devices are widely used in criminal justice settings. Their promise remains largely unfulfilled, however, because assumptions and premises requisite to their development and application are routinely ignored and/or violated. This article provides a brief review of the most salient of these assumptions and premises, addressing the base rate and selection ratios, methods of combining predictor variables and the nature of criterion variables chosen, cross-validation, replicability, and generalizability. The article also discusses decision makers’ choices to add or delete items from the instruments and suggests recommendations for policy makers to consider when adopting risk assessments. Suggestions for improved practice, practical and methodological, are made.
220 citations
TL;DR: Treatment does not affect recidivism; however, the number of treatment sessions attended was an important factor in predicting domestic violence recidivist in the treatment group, and successful completion of all treatment sessions reduces the likelihood of domestic violence rearrest and reconviction among those who received treatment.
Abstract: This study determines the influence of domestic violence batterer treatment on the recidivism rate of domestic violence offenders and certain demographic characteristics associated with recidivism. The study population (N = 248) consisted of male domestic violence offenders sentenced to Community Corrections Services in Chesterfield County, Virginia, between January and December 1999. This analysis revealed treatment does not affect recidivism; however, the number of treatment sessions attended was an important factor in predicting domestic violence recidivism in the treatment group, and successful completion of all treatment sessions reduces the likelihood of domestic violence rearrest and reconviction among those who received treatment. The treatment provider in this sample did not affect recidivism.
88 citations
71 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A recent review and meta-analysis conducted as part of a Festschrift for Paul E. Meehl, a pioneer in the field, again confirms that statistical models outperform clinical decision-makers as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: IN VIRTUALLY ALL decision-making situations that have been studied, actuarially developed devices outperform human judgments. This is true with respect to psychiatric judgments (see, for example, Meehl, 1965; Gough, 1962; Ennis and Litwack, 1974); graduate school admissions (e.g., Dawes, 1979; Dawes and Corrigan, 1974); prognostic judgments made by sociologists and psychiatrists relative to a parole-violation criterion (Glaser, 1955, 1962); parole board decisions (Gottfredson, 1961; Gottfredson and Beverly, 1962; Carroll, Wiener, Coates, Galegher, & Alibrio, 1982); mental health and correctional case worker judgments of offender risk (Holland, Holt, Levi, & Beckett, 1983), spousal assault (Hilton and Harris, 2005) and in other areas (Goldberg, 1970), including the analysis of credit risk (Somerville and Taffler, 1995). Indeed, a recent review and meta-analysis of 56 years’ accumulation of research on the “clinical vs. statistical” prediction “problem” conducted as part of a Festschrift for Paul E. Meehl, a pioneer in the field, again confirms that statistical models outperform clinical decision-makers (Ægisdóttier, White, Spengler, Maugherman, Anderson, Cook, Nichols, Lampropoulos, Walker, Cohen and Rush, 2006).
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined perceived fear and risk of victimization among juvenile correctional officers at two juvenile detention centers in Virginia and found that the perceived fear was associated with perceived victimization.
Abstract: In this exploratory study, the authors examined perceived fear and risk of victimization among juvenile correctional officers at two juvenile detention centers in Virginia. Expanding on previous wo...
38 citations
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Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The fear of crime interpreting victimization risk is universally compatible later any devices to read, allowing the most less latency epoch to download any of the authors' books subsequent to this one.
Abstract: Rather than enjoying a good PDF next a cup of coffee in the afternoon, otherwise they juggled past some harmful virus inside their computer. fear of crime interpreting victimization risk is comprehensible in our digital library an online right of entry to it is set as public appropriately you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in multipart countries, allowing you to acquire the most less latency epoch to download any of our books subsequent to this one. Merely said, the fear of crime interpreting victimization risk is universally compatible later any devices to read.
776 citations
TL;DR: A conceptual framework for adaptive interventions is offered, principles underlying the design and evaluation of such interventions are discussed, and some areas where additional research is needed are reviewed.
Abstract: Recently, adaptive interventions have emerged as a new perspective on prevention and treatment. Adaptive interventions resemble clinical practice in that different dosages of certain prevention or treatment components are assigned to different individuals, and/or within individuals across time, with dosage varying in response to the intervention needs of individuals. To determine intervention need and thus assign dosage, adaptive interventions use prespecified decision rules based on each participant's values on key characteristics, called tailoring variables. In this paper, we offer a conceptual framework for adaptive interventions, discuss principles underlying the design and evaluation of such interventions, and review some areas where additional research is needed.
561 citations
538 citations
TL;DR: This paper conducted a systematic review of the extant research on court-mandated batterer intervention programs and found that the results were mixed: the mean effect for official reports of domestic violence from experimental studies showed modest benefit, whereas the effect for victim reported outcomes was zero, and quasi-experimental studies using a no-treatment comparison had inconsistent findings indicating an overall small harmful effect.
Abstract: Court-mandated batterer intervention programs are being implemented throughout the United States to address the problem of domestic violence. Prior reviews of research on the effectiveness of these programs have arrived at conflicting conclusions. This study is a systematic review of the extant research on this topic. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies that used matching or statistical controls were included. The results were mixed. The mean effect for official reports of domestic violence from experimental studies showed modest benefit, whereas the mean effect for victim reported outcomes was zero. Quasi-experimental studies using a no-treatment comparison had inconsistent findings indicating an overall small harmful effect. In contract, quasi-experimental studies using a treatment dropout design showed a large, positive mean effect on domestic violence outcomes. We discuss the weakness of the latter design and raise concerns regarding official reports. The findings, we believe, raise doubts about the effectiveness of court-mandated batterer intervention programs.
496 citations
TL;DR: Offender treatment attrition can be managed and clients can be retained through an awareness of, and attention to, key predictors of attrition and adherence to responsivity considerations.
Abstract: Objective: The failure of offenders to complete psychological treatment can pose significant concerns, including increased risk for recidivism. Although a large literature identifying predictors of offender treatment attrition has accumulated, there has yet to be a comprehensive quantitative review. Method: A meta-analysis of the offender treatment literature was conducted to identify predictors of offender treatment attrition and examine its relationship to recidivism. The review covered 114 studies representing 41,438 offenders. Sex offender and domestic violence programs were also examined separately given their large independent literatures. Results: The overall attrition rate was 27.1% across all programs (k = 96), 27.6% from sex offender programs (k = 34), and 37.8% from domestic violence programs (k = 35). Rates increased when preprogram attrition was considered. Significant predictors included demographic characteristics (e.g., age, rw = -.10), criminal history and personality variables (e.g., prior offenses, rw = .14; antisocial personality, rw = .14), psychological concerns (e.g., intelligence, rw = -.14), risk assessment measures (e.g., Statistical Information on Recidivism scale, rw =.18), and treatment-related attitudes and behaviors (e.g., motivation, rw = -.13). Results indicated that treatment noncompleters were higher risk offenders and attrition from all programs significantly predicted several recidivism outcomes ranging from rw = .08 to .23. Conclusions: The clients who stand to benefit the most from treatment (i.e., high-risk, high-needs) are the least likely to complete it. Offender treatment attrition can be managed and clients can be retained through an awareness of, and attention to, key predictors of attrition and adherence to responsivity considerations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
412 citations