http://cira.yale.edu/sites/default/files/ressnapshot_white.pdf

Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions.

https://escholarship.org/content/qt3dz427qw/qt3dz427qw.pdf?t=ptt5lb

Transgender Men Who Experienced Pregnancy After Female-to-Male Gender Transitioning

Effects of violence on transgender people.

Transgender individuals experience harassment, violence, and discrimination in a number of settings. Although health care discrimination against transgender people has been documented, this issue is understudied. Using a national cross-sectional survey data set (N = 1,711), the authors sought to determine how gender identity and presentation predict health care discrimination experiences among female-to-male (FTM) transgender people after demographic and socioeconomic characteristics are controlled. Analyses were conducted using chi-square tests and a two-step logistic regression. The majority of participants were white (73.9 percent) and between 25 and 44 years old (65.2 percent). Overall, 41.8 percent of FTM participants reported verbal harassment, physical assault, or denial of equal treatment in a doctor's office or hospital. When other factors were controlled, being Native American or multiracial, identifying as queer or asexual/other, having a graduate degree, living full-time as nonbirth gender, using hormones or surgery for medical transition, and having identification documents that list one's preferred gender were associated with increased reporting of health care discrimination experiences; being 45 years or older and reporting an annual income of $60,000 or more were associated with decreased risk. The study's findings can be useful to social workers, who play a role in educating health care providers and advocating for policies that improve health care experiences for FTM and other transgender patients.

Factors Associated with Health Care Discrimination Experiences among a National Sample of Female-to-Male Transgender Individuals

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) clients often report negative experiences in the receipt of medical and mental health services (Poteat, German, & Kerrigan, 2013; Shipherd, Green, & Abramovitz, 2010; Xavier et al., 2013). Problematic psychotherapy experiences can impact symptom severity, treatment satisfaction, and help-seeking (Bockting, Robinson, Benner, & Scheltema, 2004; Willging, Salvador, & Kano, 2006). The present grounded theory study was conducted with 45 TGNC participants to identify the specific psychotherapy missteps psychotherapists make in working with this group. These themes include education burdening, gender inflation, gender narrowing, gender avoidance, gender generalizing, gender repairing, gender pathologizing, and gate-keeping. Findings indicate that psychotherapists might make errors in overemphasizing, underemphasizing, or stigmatizing TGNC identities in psychotherapy sessions. Psychotherapy missteps also reflected problems related to placing the burden of education on the client, overasserting power, or performing care in a perfunctory manner. Recommendations are discussed for supporting gender diversity in clinical practice and promoting trans-affirmative care. Limitations of the study and directions for future research will also be discussed.

Missteps in psychotherapy with transgender clients: Promoting gender sensitivity in counseling and psychological practice.

We explored health care access experiences of 32 male-to-female (MtF) and 15 female-to-male (FtM) transgender people of different ethnicities in Virginia using data from focus groups conducted in 2004 Victimization associated with social stigmatization played a dominant role in participants’ lives, manifested by discrimination; violence; and health care provider insensitivity, hostility, and ignorance of transgender health Access to transgender-related medical services that would allow participants to pass in their chosen genders was their highest medical priority Faced with barriers to access, hormonal self-medication was common, and silicone injections were reported by both MtF and FtM participants Due to economic vulnerability, sex work was reported as a source of income by both MtFs and FtMs MtFs expressed concern over confidentiality of HIV testing and additional discrimination if testing positive FtMs expressed difficulty accessing gynecological care due to their masculine gender iden

Transgender Health Care Access in Virginia: A Qualitative Study

Randomized multi-site trial of the Job Seekers’ Workshop in patients with substance use disorders

Although the federal government's prevention agenda for the Nation, Healthy People 2010 [1], lays out an action plan for improving the health of all people in the United States, it neglects specifi...

Lauretta Safford

Papers

Transgender Health Care Access in Virginia: A Qualitative Study

Randomized multi-site trial of the Job Seekers’ Workshop in patients with substance use disorders

LGBT Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: Wellness for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Individuals and Communities