Developmental changes in the composition and function of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Metabolism of lithocholate in healthy man. II. Enterohepatic circulation.

Identification of new steranes, terpanes, and branched paraffins in Green River shale by combined capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

Chemical Derivatization in Gas Chromatography

Freezing and Freeze-Drying of Human Spermatozoa

Bile acids. 28. Gas chromatography of new bile acids and their derivatives.

SummaryThyroid gland of guinea pig was subjected to low temperatures (−70°, or −190°C) and subsequently autotransplanted. In some instances pituitary thyrotropin was administered before or after transplantation in order to increase the growth potential of the transplant and overcome the injurious effects incident to transferring the tissue. There was one successful transplantation of thyroid gland in 12 attempts after exposure at −70°C and one parathyroid transplant. Eight viable thyroid grafts in 12 attempts were obtained after immersion at −190°C. The significance of these findings with respect to rapidity of freezing is discussed in their relation to the mechanism of survival of mammalian cells and tissues exposed to extremely low temperature. The relation of these results to evidence purported to indicate a viral transmission of transplanted frozen-dehydrated tumor material is also pointed out.

Survival of guinea pig thyroid and parathyroid autotransplants previously subjected to extremely low temperatures.

Summary The effects of low temperatures (0° C., -30° C., -70° C., and -190° C.) on Sarcoma 37 of mice have been studied. In general, freezing does not appreciably alter the latent period of tumor transplants nor their morphological characteristics, either before transplantation or after the development of tumors. Exposure to 0°C. results in a percentage of “takes” which is inversely proportional to the duration of exposure, but exposure to lower temperatures results in as high a percentage of successful transplants as controls regardless of the duration of exposure used in these experiments. Exposure to temperatures lower than 0° C. alters the tumor cells in some way as evidenced by (a) regression of some tumors after an initial period of growth and (b) a loss of viability of once-frozen tumor material after several subsequent passages in an unfrozen state. Repeated freezing and thawing also results in a loss of viability of tumor cells. Serial short time-interval studies of frozen and unfrozen tumor transplants indicate a survival of transplanted cells in both groups. These findings are discussed with respect to the concept of virus as the “continuing cause” of tumor formation.

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/10/11/726.full.pdf

The Effect of Low Temperature on the Morphology and Transplantability of Sarcoma 37

Summary The present experiments confirm and extend those reported previously. Mouse Sarcoma 37, frozen at -30° or -70° C. and subsequently serially transplanted, fails to grow after three to seven transplant generations. This phenomenon occurs both when transplantations are carried out in a single strain or between various strains. On the other hand, tumor mince frozen rapidly at -190° C. before storage at -70° C. can be serially transferred through numerous transplant generations without apparent loss of growth potential. Influenza A virus suspended in chorioallantoic fluid can be transferred serially in the chorioallantoic cavity of the chick embryo for an indefinite period without apparent loss of infectivity, despite the interjection of numerous exposures to freezing at -30° C. and subsequent thawing. This is in contrast to the effect on mouse Sarcoma 37, noted above, as well as to the injurious effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the growth of this tumor. Possible mechanisms to explain the effect on serial transplantability are discussed, as is also the relationship of this finding to the demonstration of initiating and continuing factors in neoplastic growth.

Lawrence B. Walsh

Papers

Bile acids. 28. Gas chromatography of new bile acids and their derivatives.

Survival of guinea pig thyroid and parathyroid autotransplants previously subjected to extremely low temperatures.

The Effect of Low Temperature on the Morphology and Transplantability of Sarcoma 37

The effect of low temperatures on serial transplantability of mouse sarcoma 37.