Government in Australia

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on social and economic mobility occurring in Indonesia. The research illustrates that the effects of the pandemic are strongly felt in mobility in the socio-economic sectors. Design/Methodology/Approach: To give answer to the research question whether COVID-19 pandemic has impact on socio-economic mobility in Indonesia, firstly, we review the literature to find out what different scholars have found in recent researches concerning this subject as well as the current issue and the methods and models used in collecting, processing, and analyzing data. The processing of the data of the above-mentioned reports has been done by SPSS software program, specifically using regression. Findings: The possible impacts caused a decrease in socio-economic activities and reduced community income. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a strong relationship between a pandemic tested positive for COVID-19 and mortality rates with socio-economic conditions with an average correlation coefficient above 0.80. Practical Implications: This paper will provide a detail analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on socio-economic mobility, with this impact, government policies relating to human life, economic policies to increase state expenditure (government expenditure), and tax incentives must be made. Furthermore, monetary policy that can accelerate the increase in production by reducing the cost of production through the cost of capital and reduce energy prices becomes an essential choice. Originality/Value: This research paper highlights an empirical analysis based on real data of socio economy mobility in Indonesia.

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The impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on socio-economic mobility in Indonesia

Obesity and chronic disease rates continue to be disproportionally high among Native Americans (NAs) compared with the US general population. Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes can address the root causes of these health inequalities by supporting access to healthy food and physical activity resources.We aim to describe the actors and processes involved in developing PSE changes supporting obesity prevention in NA Nations.As part of the Obesity Prevention Research and Evaluation of InterVention Effectiveness in NaTive North Americans 2 (OPREVENT2) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02803853), we collected 46 in-depth interviews, 1 modified Talking Circle, 2 workshops, and 14 observations in 3 NA communities in the Midwest and Southwest regions of the United States. Participants included Tribal government representatives/staff, health staff/board members, store managers/staff, and school administrators/staff. We used a Grounded Theory analysis protocol to develop themes and conceptual framework based on our data.Health staff members were influential in identifying and developing PSE changes when there was a strong relationship between the Tribal Council and health department leaders. We found that Tribal Council members looked to health staff for their expertise and were involved in the approval and endorsement of PSE changes. Tribal grant writers worked across departments to leverage existing initiatives, funding, and approvals to achieve PSE changes. Participants emphasized that community engagement was a necessary input for developing PSE changes, suggesting an important role for grassroots collaboration with community members and staff. Relevant contextual factors impacting the PSE change development included historical trauma, perspectives of policy, and "tribal politics".This article is the first to produce a conceptual framework using 3 different NA communities, which is an important gap to be addressed if structural changes are to be explored and enacted to promote NA health. The journey to change for these NA Nations provides insights for promoting future PSE change among NA Nations and communities. 

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OUP accepted manuscript

Objective: To understand if, and how, Australian ultra-processed food industry actors use Twitter to influence food and health policy debates and produce a conceptual framework to describe such influence. Design:
 Twitter data of prominent industry actors were defined through purposive sampling and inductively coded to investigate possible influence on food and health policy debates. These are described using descriptive statistics and coded extracts. Setting:
 Australia. Participants:
 Twitter accounts of nine prominent ultra-processed food industry actors, including major trade associations. Results:
 Ultra-processed food industry actors actively used Twitter to influence food and health policy debates. Seven overarching strategies were identified: co-opting public health narratives; opposing regulation; supporting voluntary, co- or self-regulation; engaging policy processes and decision-makers; linking regulatory environments to the need for ongoing profitability; affecting public perceptions and value judgements; and using ignorance claims to distort policy narratives. Each lobbying strategy is underpinned with tactics described throughout and captured in a framework. Conclusions:
 The current study creates a framework to monitor how food industry actors can use social media to influence food and health policy debates. As such, social media appears to be not only an important commercial determinant of health for brand marketing, but also an extension of lobbying practices to reshape public perceptions of corporate conduct and policy-making.

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How food companies use social media to influence policy debates: a framework of Australian ultra-processed food industry Twitter data.

Benchmarks were established inconsultation with goverment, academic, non-government organisations and civil society/consumer groups for obesity policy action by Australian national, state and territory jurisdictions.

Policies for tackling obesity and creating healthy food environments- Scorecard and priority recommendations for Australian governments

https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/213181/1/01_Rowbotham_Research_on_media_framing_of_2019.pdf

Research on media framing of public policies to prevent chronic disease: A narrative synthesis

Background Citizen science approaches, which involve members of the public as active collaborators in scientific research, are increasingly being recognized for their potential benefits in chronic disease prevention. However, understanding the potential applicability, feasibility and impacts of these approaches is necessary if they are to be more widely used. This study aimed to synthesize research that has applied and evaluated citizen science approaches in chronic disease prevention and identify key questions, gaps, and opportunities to inform future work in this field. Methods We searched six databases (Scopus, Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed, and CINAHL) in January 2022 to identify articles on the use of citizen science in prevention. We extracted and synthesized data on key characteristics of citizen science projects, including topics, aims and level of involvement of citizen scientists, as well as methods and findings of evaluations of these projects. Results Eighty-one articles reported on citizen science across a variety of health issues, predominantly physical activity and/or nutrition. Projects primarily aimed to identify problems from the perspective of community members; generate and prioritize solutions; develop, test or evaluate interventions; or build community capacity. Most projects were small-scale, and few were co-produced with policy or practice stakeholders. While around half of projects included an evaluation component, overall, there was a lack of robust, in-depth evaluations of the processes and impacts of citizen science projects. Conclusions Citizen science approaches are increasingly being used in chronic disease prevention to identify and prioritize community-focused solutions, mobilize support and advocacy, and empower communities to take action to support their health and wellbeing. However, to realize the potential of this approach more attention needs to be paid to demonstrating the feasibility of using citizen science approaches at scale, and to rigorous evaluation of impacts from using these approaches for the diverse stakeholders involved.

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A Scoping Review of Citizen Science Approaches in Chronic Disease Prevention

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1753-6405.13028

What does the future hold for chronic disease prevention research

Issue addressed Returning to work is a major barrier to continued breastfeeding. While many large organisations in Australia have policies to support breastfeeding and expressing at work, it is not known how these are implemented in practice, what support is available in smaller workplaces or to what extent workplace support meets the needs of breastfeeding mothers. Methods This pilot study trialled a citizen science approach where members of the public provided photographs and descriptions of breastfeeding facilities and support within their workplaces. The study was promoted through community networks and social media, and data were submitted via an online survey. Data were analysed inductively to identify key themes. Results Thirty-seven participants provided data on breastfeeding support in their workplace. Three key themes were identified: physical features and facilities; workplace culture; and organisational and occupational characteristics. There was considerable variation in workplace support and around half of the participants indicated that they had to use communal, poorly equipped and/or unhygienic spaces to breastfeed or express at work. Conclusion While some employers have taken important steps towards supporting mothers to combine breastfeeding and work, there is room for improvement. Through this pilot study, we have demonstrated the feasibility and value of using a citizen science approach to obtain data from a range of workplaces along with perceptions of workplace characteristics that support or hinder breastfeeding and expressing at work. SO WHAT?: Citizen science is a useful approach to capturing data on workplace support for breastfeeding and could be scaled up to enable ongoing monitoring. The findings raise important issues around the interpretation and implementation of current legislation to support mothers in the workplace.

Using citizen science to engage the public in monitoring workplace breastfeeding support in Australia

There is a pressing need for policy makers to demonstrate progress made on investments in prevention, but few examples of monitoring systems capable of tracking population-level prevention policies and programs and their implementation. In New South Wales, Australia, the scale up of childhood obesity prevention programs to over 6000 childcare centres and primary schools is monitored via an electronic monitoring system, “PHIMS”. Via a focussed ethnography with all 14 health promotion implementation teams in the state, we set out to explore what aspects of program implementation are captured via PHIMS, what aspects are not, and the implications for future IT implementation monitoring systems as a result. Practitioners perform a range of activities in the context of delivering obesity prevention programs, but only specific activities are captured via PHIMS. PHIMS thereby defines and standardises certain activities, while non-captured activities can be considered as “extra” work by practitioners. The achievement of implementation targets is influenced by multi-level contextual factors, with only some of the factors accounted for in PHIMS. This evidences incongruencies between work done, recorded and, therefore, recognised. While monitoring systems cannot and should not capture every aspect of implementation, better accounting for aspects of context and “extra” work involved in program implementation could help illuminate why implementation succeeds or fails. Failure to do so may result in policy makers drawing false conclusions about what is required to achieve implementation targets. Practitioners, as experts of context, are well placed to assist policy makers to develop accurate and meaningful implementation targets and approaches to monitoring.

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Can an electronic monitoring system capture implementation of health promotion programs? A focussed ethnographic exploration of the story behind program monitoring data.

Leah Marks

Papers

Research on media framing of public policies to prevent chronic disease: A narrative synthesis

A Scoping Review of Citizen Science Approaches in Chronic Disease Prevention

What does the future hold for chronic disease prevention research

Using citizen science to engage the public in monitoring workplace breastfeeding support in Australia

Can an electronic monitoring system capture implementation of health promotion programs? A focussed ethnographic exploration of the story behind program monitoring data.