Leandro de Freitas

Bio: Leandro de Freitas is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Isometric exercise. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 5 publications receiving 10 citations.

Caffeine modifies blood glucose availability during prolonged low-intensity exercise in individuals with type-2 diabetes Cafeína altera la disponibilidad de glucosa en sangre durante ejercicio prolongado de baja intensidad en diabéticos tipo 2

Abstract: Objective: The study investigated the effect of supplementation with maltodextrin (CHO) alone or associated to caffeine during exercise in T2DM subjects. Methods: Pilot study, using Eight subjects with T2DM, aged 55±10 years, received CHO (1g/kg) or caffeine (1.5 mg/kg) alone or associated before exercise protocol. The exercise was executed at 40% heart rate (HR) reserve for 40 min, with 10-min recovery. Blood pressure (BP) and perceived exertion scale (Borg) were checked every 2 min. Blood glucose (BG) was checked every 10 min. For statistical analysis, ANOVA test was used and the value was considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Results: The results showed that BP and HR did not change significantly among all treatments. Caffeine promoted a significant reduction in BG of 75 mg/dL (65%, p <0.05) during 40 min of exercise protocol compared to all groups. Conclusion: Supplementation with 1.5 mg/kg of caffeine reduces BG concentration during prolonged exercise in T2DM patients. Article history:

Caffeine modifies blood glucose availability during prolonged low-intensity exercise in individuals with type-2 diabetes

Abstract: Objectivo: El objetivo del estudio fue investigar los efectos de la suplementacion con maltodextrina (CHO) solo o combinado con cafeina durante el ejercicio en sujetos con diabetes tipo 2. Metodos: Estudio piloto que incluyo ocho sujetos con DM2, de 55±10 anos, el CHO (1g/kg) o cafeina (1.5 mg/kg) solo o combinado antes del protocolo de ejercicio. El ejercicio se realizo a 40% de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC). Reserva del corazon durante 40 min con 10 min de recuperacion. La presion arterial (PA) y la escala de esfuerzo (Borg) fueron revisados cada 2 min. La glucosa en sangre (GS) se comprobo cada 10 minutos. El analisis estadistico se realizo mediante ANOVA y considero significacion estadistica un valor de p <0.05. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que PA, FC y Borg no difirio significativamente entre los tratamientos. La cafeina promueve una reduccion significativa en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre de 75 mg/dL (65%, p <0.05) durante un protocolo de ejercicio de 40 min en comparacion con todos los grupos. Conclusiones: Suplementacion con 1.5 mg/kg de cafeina redujo significativamente los niveles de GS durante el protocolo de ejercicio en pacientes con DM2

Comparação entre a resposta da ativação muscular lombar na plataforma vibratória e no solo, durante o exercício de agachamento isométrico em 90º

Abstract: Comparison between the lumbar muscle activation response on vibrating plataform and in soil, during 90 degrees squat isometric exercise

Caffeine and cardiovascular diseases: critical review of current research.

Abstract: Caffeine is a most widely consumed physiological stimulant worldwide, which is consumed via natural sources, such as coffee and tea, and now marketed sources such as energy drinks and other dietary supplements. This wide use has led to concerns regarding the safety of caffeine and its proposed beneficial role in alertness, performance and energy expenditure and side effects in the cardiovascular system. The question remains "Which dose is safe?", as the population does not appear to adhere to the strict guidelines listed on caffeine consumption. Studies in humans and animal models yield controversial results, which can be explained by population, type and dose of caffeine and low statistical power. This review will focus on comprehensive and critical review of the current literature and provide an avenue for further study.

The effect of acute caffeine intake on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in people with diabetes.

Abstract: The prevalence of diabetes is growing globally, and with no current cure for the disease, management is focused on optimizing blood glucose control to limit complications. The purpose of this review was to examine the effect of caffeine intake on blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. Electronic searches were completed using Pub Med, CINAHL, and Web of Science using the search terms "coffee and insulin," "caffeine and insulin," "caffeine and diabetes," "caffeine and type 1 diabetes," "caffeine and type 2 diabetes," and "caffeine and glycemia." Seven trials were found to meet the search criteria. Five of the 7 studies suggest caffeine intake increases blood glucose levels, and prolongs the period of high blood glucose levels. Future research should focus on larger clinical trials to confirm the relationship and mechanism of action related to caffeine intake and glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.

Assessment of the management of acute myocardial infarction patients and their outcomes at the Nairobi Hospital from January 2007 to June 2009.

Abstract: Introduction: The demographics, clinical characteristics and management of patients presenting at the Nairobi Hospital with acute myocardial infarction have not been documented in the past. There is a paucity of studies on this subject in this region. Methods: A retrospective, hospital-based study was carried out, examining data of patients presenting at Nairobi Hospital with acute myocardial infarction between January 2007 and June 2009. The data collected were patient demographics, coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, clinical presentation, GRACE score risk stratification, coronary anatomical findings on angiography, interventions and outcomes during hospitalisation. Results: Sixty-four patients were recruited (mean age 56.7 years). The CAD risk-factor profile included systemic hypertension in 71.9% of patients, age over 55 or 65 years in men and women, respectively in 42.2%, 35.9% of subjects were smokers, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in 25%, diabetes mellitus in 25%, family history of premature coronary artery disease in 8%, prior acute coronary syndrome in 18.8%, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 60.9% and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in 39.1% of patients. In the STEMI arm, 79.5% of patients underwent thrombolysis, 17.9% had rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 2.6% had no reperfusion therapy. Medical management was carried out in 29% of the patients, 19.1% had a coronary artery bypass graft and 40.4% had PCI. The mean duration of hospitalisation was 6.69 days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.4% and mean in-hospital probability of death according to the GRACE risk score was 16.05%. Discharge medication was a η-blocker in 84.5% of patients, an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker in 48.3%, low-dose aspirin in 96.6%, clopidogrel in 96.6% and statins in 93.1%. Conclusion: The risk-factor assessment in our population, albeit small, was in keeping with the traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease. There is, however, room for improvement in reconciling the gap between actual and recommended patient care.

Effect of Low-Intensity, Kinect™-Based Kaimai-Style Qigong Exercise in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity, Kinect™-based Kaimai-style Qigong exercise among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted in a community center in Changchun, China, from July to September 2017. Participants (N = 55) were assigned to the Qigong group or control group. Participants in the Qigong group received 30-minute Kinect-based Kaimai-style Qigong sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. Participants in the control group were waitlisted. Body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid level, as well as Mini-Mental State Examination and Berg Balance Scale scores, were measured at baseline and postintervention. The Qigong group showed decreases in weight (p = 0.002), BMI (p = 0.004), HbA1c (p = 0.001), and FBG (p = 0.018) after the intervention. The Qigong group also showed improvements in cognitive (p ≤ 0.001) and balance (p ≤ 0.001) function. The Kinect-based Kaimai-style Qigong intervention was effective in reducing HbA1c and improving balance and cognitive function in older adults with T2DM. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(2), 42-52.].