Showing papers by "Lei Wang published in 2009"
National Institutes of Health1, Ghent University2, Tarbiat Modares University3, Pusan National University4, Ewha Womans University5, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile6, University of Tartu7, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)8, Sapienza University of Rome9, University of California, Riverside10, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic11, University of Zagreb12, Rutgers University13, University of Coimbra14, Slovak Academy of Sciences15, Queen's University Belfast16, University of Otago17, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin18, University of Buenos Aires19, Susquehanna University20, National University of Malaysia21, Iwate Prefectural University22, Makerere University23, Andhra University24, University of Lausanne25, Queensland University of Technology26, Bunkyo Gakuin University27, Jagiellonian University28, University of Sussex29, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology30
TL;DR: The authors found that cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes, and these associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes.
Abstract: College students (N=3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (a) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning; (b) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect; and (c) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure.
363 citations
TL;DR: This article explored how the relationship between materialism and brand consciousness is influenced by face and found that face consciousness, material values, and brand awareness were significantly correlated but did not exhibit significant interaction.
Abstract: Although the relationship between materialism and name-brand consumption has been documented in literature, its relational mechanism is not well addressed. It can hardly explain why people buy brand products without really knowing about the brands. In this case, people may consume brand products not for material possessions but for social needs, such as a desire to have favorable social self-worth and to be respected in relation to others and social activities, which is defined as face (Ting-Toomey & Kurogi, 1998). The present study explored how the relationship between materialism and brand consciousness is influenced by face. The role of face was tested both as a moderator and as a mediator. The results showed that face consciousness, material values, and brand consciousness were significantly correlated but did not exhibit significant interaction. Multiple regression analyses support face not as a moderator, but as a partial mediator. The results provide new insights into the mechanisms of how materialism and face influence brand consciousness differently. The theoretical meaning and implications for marketing management are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
210 citations
TL;DR: Naïve dialecticism provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding cultural differences and the contradictory, changeable, and holistic nature of the East Asian self-concept.
Abstract: Naive dialecticism refers to a set of East Asian lay beliefs characterized by tolerance for contradiction, the expectation of change, and cognitive holism. In five studies, the authors examined the cognitive mechanisms that give rise to global self-concept inconsistency among dialectical cultures. Contradictory self-knowledge was more readily available (Study 1) and simultaneously accessible (Study 2) among East Asians (Japanese and Chinese) than among Euro-Americans. East Asians also exhibited greater change and holism in the spontaneous self-concept (Study 1) and inconsistency in their implicit self-beliefs (Study 3). Cultural differences in self-concept inconsistency were obtained when controlling for alternative explanatory variables, including self-criticism (Study 4) and self-concept certainty (Studies 2 and 3) and were fully mediated by a direct measure of dialecticism (Study 5). Naive dialecticism provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding these cultural differences and the contradictory, changeable, and holistic nature of the East Asian self-concept.
189 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that the implicit self-esteem of Chinese is similar to that of Euro-Americans, but their explicit selfesteem was identical to that for Euro- Americans. But they also found that Chinese scored more highly on various indices of dialectical selfesteem.
Abstract: One explanation for the lower self-esteem of East Asians is that they have dialectical, or inconsistent, self-esteem in that they endorse both the positively and the negatively keyed items of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, relative to Euro-Americans. The following research extended this effect to implicit self-esteem. In two studies, Chinese, Euro-Americans (Studies 1 and 2), and Chinese Americans (Study 2) completed explicit and implicit measures of self-esteem. On both types of measures, Chinese scored most highly on various indices of dialectical self-esteem. In Study 2, the explicit self-esteem of Chinese Americans was similar to that of Chinese, but their implicit self-esteem was identical to that of Euro-Americans. In the discussion, we focus on how East Asians come to possess inconsistent self-esteem and pose questions for future research.
67 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that while the ownership effect could be attenuated by perceived choice, the choice effect is stable even under the influence of perceived ownership.
Abstract: Four studies used the Implicit Association Test to explore the individual and interactive influence of perceived ownership and perceived choice on object evaluation. In Study 1, participants implicitly preferred their possessions over others' when all chosen by a third party (i.e., the ownership effect). In Study 2, participants implicitly preferred self-chosen objects over other-chosen objects when all given to the third party (i.e., the choice effect). In Study 3, the ownership effect disappeared when participants compared their self-chosen possessions with others' possessions that were chosen by the participants. In Study 4, the choice effect remained even when participants compared their self-chosen possessions with their possessions that were chosen by others. These results suggest that while the ownership effect could be attenuated by perceived choice, the choice effect is stable even under the influence of perceived ownership.
61 citations
TL;DR: CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 have a complicated allele composition and distinct frequency distribution in Han Chinese, and one novel polymorphism is located in a potential cis-regulatory element of the gene.
Abstract: The cytochrome P450 2C19 and 2D6 enzymes are predominantly found in the human liver, and have important functions in the metabolism of many different classes of commonly used drugs. Their genetic polymorphisms give rise to both important interethnic variability in metabolism and the risk of treatment failure or dose-dependent drug toxicity. To investigate genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genes in Han Chinese, we sequenced regions of the 5′ flanking region, exon, intron and 3′ UTR from these two genes using 100 unrelated healthy Chinese Hans. We detected 48 genetic variants in CYP2C19. A total of 15 of them are novel, including two polymorphisms in putative transcriptional factor-binding sites. The CYP2C19*1, *2, *3, *4, *17, *23, *24 and *25 alleles have frequencies of 67.5, 25.5, 2, 0.5, 3, 0.5, 0.5 and 0.5%, respectively. Based on computational predictions, three novel alleles (CYP2C19*23, *24 and *25) are deleterious mutations of the CYP2C19 protein. In CYP2D6, we identified 84 different polymorphisms, including 18 novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms. One novel polymorphism is located in a potential cis-regulatory element of the gene. The allele frequencies of CYP2D6*1, *2, *4, *5, *6, *10, *14, *21, *36, *41, *43, *52 and *71 are 18.5, 14, 1, 7, 0.5, 49, 1.5, 0.5, 1, 4, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%, respectively. The occurrence of CYP2D6 duplication is 0.5%. The novel CYP2D6*71 is anticipated as a putative poor metabolizer allele. We also performed linkage disequilibrium analysis and observed strong linkage disequilibrium spanning of the CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 regions. In addition, network analysis showed that 15 haplotypes of CYP2C19 and 22 of CYP2D6 are classified into five and three groups, respectively. Comparisons of allele frequency distributions revealed significant interethnic and intraethnic differences in these two genes. In conclusion, this study revealed that CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 have a complicated allele composition and distinct frequency distribution in Han Chinese.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the relationship between the five-factor model of personality and organizational justice and found that agreeableness and neuroticism were important correlates of organizational justice.
Abstract: Although extensive research has been conducted to investigate various factors related to organizational justice, few studies have examined the link between personality traits and organizational justice. Using a field sample, we explored the relationships between the five-factor model of personality and organizational justice. Results indicated that agreeableness and neuroticism were important correlates of organizational justice. Specifically, agreeableness was found to be positively related to all four organizational justice components proposed by Colquitt (2001). Neuroticism was found to be negatively related to procedural justice and informational justice. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
51 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that non-Asians self-verified (i.e., tended to exhibit resistance) whereas mainland Chinese and Asian-American participants tended to adjust their self-views when they received positive or negative feedback that contradicted their prevailing self-conceptions.
37 citations
TL;DR: By using the average dwell time approach, this article identified a class of switching signals to guarantee exponential stability and L2 gain of the switched linear system with interval time-varying delay excluding zero.
Abstract: By using the average dwell time approach, we identify a class of switching signals to guarantee exponential stability and L2 gain of the switched linear system with interval time-varying delay excluding zero. By taking both the lower bound and upper bound of delay into consideration in the chosen Lyapunov function, several new stability criteria are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Compared with some results in the literature, it is theoretically established that our results are less restrictive.
32 citations
TL;DR: Based on the first-order radiative transfer model calculation, a unique method for estimating surface soil moisture over the study area is developed in this article, which can contribute to better understand the climate change and forecast modeling for this area.
Abstract: . In this paper, 7 years (during the growing season (April–October) of 2002–2008) of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) data taken at a frequency of 6.9 GHz for night observations at both polarizations are processed and used to conduct 7 years of surface soil moisture dataset for an arid area, in Northwestern China. This soil moisture dataset can contribute to better understanding the climate change and forecast modeling for this area. Based on the first-order radiative transfer model calculation, a unique method for estimating surface soil moisture over the study area is developed. Considering extremely complex topography over the study area, we have to present a parameterization of surface roughness at the 6.9 GHz and spatial resolution of the AMSR-E using the annual minimum MPDI (Microwave Polarization Difference Index). For validation purpose, the comparisons of soil moisture patterns with precipitation fields are made. The results indicate the evolutions of soil moisture estimated from the AMSR-E and antecedent ground daily precipitations are in a good agreement. Furthermore, a series of rainfall traces is captured over the Taklimakan Desert. Comparisons of the estimated values of soil moisture with the ground observations are also made for two reprehensive sites over 2002–2004. The results indicate there has a good agreement between them, with higher correlation coefficients (R=0.649, 0.604) and RMSE (3.5, 5.4%), and the soil moisture product derived from the AMSR-E is realistic and acceptable. This new long time series of estimated soil moisture will prove valuable for other studies of climate change and model evaluation.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two emission peaks were observed in the low temperature photoluminescence (LTPL) spectra of an InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structure before and after nanopillar fabrication.
Abstract: Two emission peaks were observed in the low temperature photoluminescence (LTPL) spectra of an InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structure before and after nanopillar fabrication. After nanopillar fabrication it is found that among the two peaks the longer wavelength peak exhibits a clear blue shift and has a much stronger enhancement in LTPL intensity than the shorter one. Combined with x-ray diffraction and spatially resolved cathodoluminescence analyses, the difference induced by nanopillar fabrication is ascribed to different strain relaxation states in the lower and upper quantum well layers. It is found that the lower QW layers of the as-grown MQW which causes the longer wavelength PL peak are more strained, while the upper ones are almost fully strain-relaxed. Therefore, the nanopillar fabrication induces much less strain relaxation in the upper part of the MQW than in the lower one.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction of a typical unsaturated alcohol, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (MBO331), with Cl atoms, was investigated using discharged flow-tube coupled with electron impact mass spectrometer.
Abstract: The reaction of a typical unsaturated alcohol, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (MBO331), with Cl atoms, was investigated for the first time. The reaction was investigated using discharged flow-tube coupled with electron impact mass spectrometer. The experiments were performed over the temperature range of 248 K-298 K and at pressure of 1 torr in He as the bath gas. The obtained kinetic data were used to derive the Arrhenius expression: k
1 = (3.47 ± 1.21) × 10−11 exp[(599 ± 69)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Finally, atmospheric lifetimes of the MBO331 with respect to OH radicals, NO3 radicals and Cl atoms have been calculated and the atmospheric implications are considered briefly.
TL;DR: Yan et al. as discussed by the authors used satellite microwave remote sensing polarization index and land surface soil moisture (SM) data to estimate the land surface SM from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System) brightness temperature data.
Abstract: . As the satellite microwave remote sensed brightness temperature is sensitive to land surface soil moisture (SM) and SM is a basic output variable in model simulation, it is of great significance to use the brightness temperature data to improve SM numerical simulation. In this paper, the theory developed by Yan et al. (2004) about the relationship between satellite microwave remote sensing polarization index and SM was used to estimate the land surface SM from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – Earth Observing System) brightness temperature data. With consideration of land surface soil texture, surface roughness, vegetation optical thickness, and the AMSR-E monthly SM products, the regional daily land surface SM was estimated over the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results show that the estimated SM is lower than the ground measurements and the NCEP (American National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis data at the Maqu Station (33.85° N, 102.57° E) and the Tanglha Station (33.07° N, 91.94° E), but its regional distribution is reasonable and somewhat better than that from the daily AMSR-E SM product, and its temporal variation shows a quick response to the ground daily precipitations. Furthermore, in order to improve the simulating ability of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model to land surface SM, the estimated SM was assimilated into the Noah land surface model by the Newtonian relaxation (NR) method. The results indicate that, by fine tuning of the quality factor in NR method, the simulated SM values are improved most in desert area, followed by grassland, shrub and grass mixed zone. At temporal scale, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values between simulated and observed SM are decreased 0.03 and 0.07 m 3 /m 3 by using the NR method in the Maqu Station and the Tanglha Station, respectively.
TL;DR: Merrifield resin supported ionic liquids/L-proline as effcient and recyclable catalyst systems for asymmetric aldol reaction have been developed and can be recycled simply by filtration and reused for five times without significant decrease in activity.
Abstract: Merrifield resin supported ionic liquids/L-proline as effcient and recyclable catalyst systems for asymmetric aldol reaction have been developed. L -Proline with Merrifield resin supported ionic liquids can catalyze asymmetric aldol reaction smoothly and generate the corresponding products in good to excellent yields and ee values. In addition, the supported catalyst systems can be recycled simply by filtration and reused for five times without significant decrease in activity.
TL;DR: To validate the Chinese version of the Personal Need for Structure Scale, questionnaires were administered to 1,418 individuals in three samples and correlation coefficients indicated that the scale has acceptable discriminant validity and convergent validity.
Abstract: To validate the Chinese version of the Personal Need for Structure Scale, questionnaires were administered to 1,418 individuals in three samples. Item-total correlations and internal consistency of the scale were acceptable. The test-retest reliability was .79. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Chinese version comprised two dimensions, as did the original version; Desire for Structure and Response to Lack of Structure. Correlation coefficients between the Personal Need for Structure Scale and other related measures indicated that the scale has acceptable discriminant validity and convergent validity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of spatial resolution on the precision of estimates was analyzed through evapotranspiration (ET hereafter) modeling over a typical oasis in northwestern China by using the Landsat-TM and MODIS data.
Abstract: . In this paper, the influence of spatial resolution on the precision of estimates was analyzed through evapotranspiration (ET hereafter) modeling over a typical oasis in northwestern China by using the Landsat-TM and MODIS data. A relatively high consistency was observed between the TM-based latent heat flux and daily ET estimates and in-situ measurements, with relative errors of 9.7% and 8.8%, respectively. Despite lower precision of the relative errors of 22.4% and 17.0%, respectively, the MODIS-based latent heat flux and ET estimates can effectively depict the basic trend of the spatial distribution of the land surface processes. When the visible and near-infrared information of 250 m resolution was syncretized into MODIS LST retrieval algorithm, the precision of latent heat flux prediction was improved evidently. Additionally, the diurnal variation of the reference ET fraction shows that the temporal upscaling method of ET is suitable for the study area. In spite of suffering the influence of the heterogeneity of land surface, the moderate resolution MODIS data, combined with the parameterization model of land surface energy flux applied in this investigation, are suitable for the ET mapping at large scale while high-resolution data can serve as an important supplement.