Showing papers by "Lei Wang published in 2016"

The factor structure of the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) in young Chinese civil servants

Abstract: The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is a commonly used screening instrument for measuring mental disorders. However, few studies have measured the mental health of Chinese professionals or explored the factor structure of the GHQ-12 through investigations of young Chinese civil servants. This study analyses the factor structure of the GHQ-12 on young Chinese civil servants. Respondents include 1051 participants from six cities in eastern China. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is used to identify the potential factor structure of the GHQ-12. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) models of previous studies are referred to for model fitting. The results indicate the GHQ-12 has very good reliability and validity. All ten CFA models are well fitted with the actual data. All the ten models are feasible and fit the data equally well. The Chinese version of the GHQ-12 is suitable for professional groups and can serve as a screening tool to detect anxiety and psychiatric disorders.

Employee Trust in Supervisors and Affective Commitment: The Moderating Role of Authentic Leadership.

Abstract: Although previous research has examined the main/direct effects of subordinates' trust in their supervisors on the levels of subordinates' affective commitment towards the organizations, little attention has been paid to explore the boundary conditions of this relationship. Two studies were conducted to examine the moderating effect of authentic leadership on the relationship between subordinates' trust in supervisor and their levels of affective commitment towards the organization. In line with the hypothesized model, both Study 1 (cross-sectional design, n = 138) and Study 2 (lagged design, n = 154) demonstrated that authentic leadership moderated the relationship between employees' trust in supervisor and their levels of affective commitment towards their organizations. Specifically, the positive relationship was stronger for employees under higher levels of authentic leadership. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.

The role of affective commitment and future work self salience in the abusive supervision–job performance relationship

Abstract: Drawing upon the identity-based perspective, the current research focused on the role of affective commitment and future work self salience (FWSS) in the relationship between abusive supervision and job performance. We expected that affective commitment, which represents the organization-based identities of employees, would mediate the relationship between abusive supervision and job performance. Furthermore, we predicted that employees’ FWSS, which represents the ease of construction and clarity of an individual's hoped-for work-based identity, would amplify the indirect effect of abusive supervision on job performance via affective commitment. Specifically, FWSS was expected to play an amplifying role in the abusive supervision–affective commitment path. Based on a sample of 480 salespersons, the results of a 3-wave study revealed that affective commitment mediated the abusive supervision–sales performance relationship. Moreover, the indirect effect of abusive supervision on sales performance via affective commitment was stronger for employees with higher FWSS. Specifically, the deleterious effect of abusive supervision on affective commitment was amplified by FWSS. This was the case even when emotional exhaustion and leader–member exchange were incorporated as competing mediators. Implications of our findings and future directions are discussed. Practitioner points Organizations should pay greater attention to employees with higher FWSS because they are more vulnerable to abusive supervision in terms of their decreased affective commitment and performance. To maintain affective commitment and job performance of employees with higher FWSS, organizations should train leaders to reduce or eliminate abusive behaviours, especially for those leading teams with a majority of high-FWSS employees.

Evaluation of the WRF-lake model over a highland freshwater lake in southwest China

Abstract: Evaluation of the WRF3.7.1 lake model performance on lake physical processes and lake-atmosphere interaction at Erhai Lake was conducted with in-situ observation data sets over the lake to verify the model results. The lake model with default parameters presented significant negative bias during the day and positive bias during the night on lake surface temperature. Calibrations of water absorption and extinction coefficients, surface roughness length and eddy diffusion coefficient were carried out to correct this bias. The added absorption and extinction coefficients increased solar radiation in upper water layer, leading to a little higher surface temperature. Compared to constant surface roughness lengths, parameterization of roughness lengths as functions of friction velocity and fetch length significantly improved simulations of lake surface temperature and sensible heat flux. In Erhai Lake, eddy diffusion coefficient of the Henderson-Sellers parameterization is smaller than that in deep lakes. The eddy diffusion coefficient was reduced by a factor of 0.05 in dry season and 0.02 in wet season respectively to restrict mixing strength, generating a reasonable diurnal range with observed surface temperature. The adjusted parameters simulations matched better with in-situ observations in diurnal cycle of temperature and surface heat fluxes, but still overestimated wind speed. Topographic correction is effective to correct the bias, indicating topographic correction over complex terrain was necessary.

A double network strategy to improve epithelization of a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel for corneal repair application

Abstract: To enhance the epithelization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels and provide a biocompatible alternative for keratoplasty, this paper presents a novel double network scaffold and its preparation methods, in which a cell-affinitive hydrogel was made by poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and modified gelatin. Methacrylic anhydride modified gelatin was interpenetrated into the as-prepared poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to form a porous double network to facilitate cell behavior on the hydrogels. Physico-chemical measurements such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transparency, swelling ratio, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis as well as dynamic mechanical analysis have been performed in order to correlate the material composition with the corresponding properties. The in vitro cell assays of the porous double networks revealed that cells remained viable and, depending on the composition, were able proliferate, as was demonstrated by the deposition of gelatin. All of these results demonstrated that these porous double networks possess more advantages compared with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) alone and improved epithelization due to methacrylated gelatin. The obtained double network scaffold could act as an attractive material for corneal repair application.

Structure, optical, and electrical properties of (Mn1.56Co0.96Ni0.48O4)1−x(LaMn0.6Al0.4O3)x composite thin films

Abstract: (Mn1.56Co0.96Ni0.48O4)1 − x(LaMnO3)x serial thin films have been synthesized on Si substrates through the chemical solution deposition method. The film crystal structures varied from a pure spinel phase to a mixed perovskite/spinel phase according to the increase in La concentration. Similarly, film density and surface roughness were improved with an increase in La concentration. According to the optical constant spectra of the composite thin films, two strong absorption structures appeared in the visible spectral range. Resistance–temperature curves indicated that all of the prepared thin films have negative temperature coefficient effects. In particular, the x = 0.5 film offered the lowest resistance and highest B25/50 constant at 4022 K, compared with the remaining films.

HALF THE SKY: The Moderating Role of Cultural Collectivism in Job Turnover Among Chinese Female Workers

Abstract: The present study examines how collectivism, an important cultural value, plays a moderating role in the association between job attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment) and actual turnover in a sample of 781 Chinese female workers. Results show that collectivism moderates the relationships between job attitude variables and turnover intention. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment are more powerful in predicting turnover intention when levels of collectivism are high rather than low. However, collectivism only moderates the mediation of turnover intention in the relationship between job satisfaction and actual turnover. The study deepens the understanding of the moderating effect of cultural values in organizational behavioral outcomes as Taras et al. (J Appl Psychol 95:405–439, 2010) suggest. Also discussed are the practical implications on how to control the voluntary termination of female laborers who constitute an important part in Chinese manufacturing.

Grazing intensity effects on the partitioning of evapotranspiration in the semiarid typical steppe ecosystems in Inner Mongolia

Abstract: Grazing intensity effects on the evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning into evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) were investigated using eddy covariance measurement data during the growing season (May to September) from 2005 to 2008 over typical steppes in Inner Mongolia, China. Four grazing intensities were examined (UG79, ungrazed since 1979; WG, winter grazed; CG, continuously grazed; HG, heavily grazed). Soil water content (SWC) significantly influenced daily T/ET by affecting T and E in different ways. On a monthly scale, T/ET at UG79 (0.46–0.77) increased with vegetation growth regardless of the uneven distribution of precipitation. The mean T/ET at UG79 for the growing season ranged from 0.50 to 0.74 for 2005 to 2008. In the normal precipitation year (2006), WG and HG reduced T/ET because they significantly reduced T through the removal of leaf area. In the dry year (2005), this negative effect on T was depressed by summer droughts, while WG and HG decreased E primarily due to the decreased interception of rainfall by the canopy. The grazing effect on T/ET was opposite to that in 2006. These results indicate that grazing effects on ET partitioning could vary with soil water conditions in the semiarid typical steppe ecosystems.

Water and carbon dioxide fluxes over an alpine meadow in southwest China and the impact of a spring drought event

Abstract: Based on the eddy covariance measurements from June 2011 to December 2013, the seasonal variations and the controls of water and CO2 fluxes were investigated over an alpine meadow in Lijiang, southwest China. The year 2012 had the largest total precipitation among years from 2011 to 2013 (1037.9, 1190.4, and 1066.1 mm, respectively). A spring drought event occurred from March to May 2012, and the peak normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 2012 was the lowest. Throughout the whole year, net radiation (R n), vapor pressure deficit, and air temperature (T a) were the primary controls on evapotranspiration (ET), and R n is the most important factor. The influence of R n on ET was much more in the wet season (R 2 = 0.93) than in the dry season (R 2 = 0.28). In the wet season, the ratio of ET to equilibrium ET (ETeq) (0.92 ± 0.14; mean ± S.D.) did not show a clear seasonal pattern with NDVI when the soil water content (SWC) was usually more than 0.25 m3 m−3, indicating that ET could be predicted well by ETeq (or radiation and temperature). On half-hourly and daily scales, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and air temperature were the main meteorological factors in determining the net ecosystem production (NEP). The seasonal trends of NEP were closely related with the change of NDVI. The integrated NEP in the 2012 wet season (157.8 g C m−2 year−1) was 19.5 and 23.8 % lower than in the 2011 and 2013 wet season (207.0 and 196.1 g C m−2 year−1). The mean ET/ETeq for each of the wet seasons from 2011 to 2013 was 0.88. The 2012 spring drought and its reduction in NDVI decreased the total NEP significantly but had little effect on the total ET in the wet season. The different response of NEP and ET to the spring drought was attributed to the high SWC and small vapor pressure deficit during the wet season.

The surface energy budget and interannual variation of the annual total evaporation over a highland lake in Southwest China

Abstract: The turbulence spectra and energy budget were investigated based on eddy covariance method over an open-water highland lake (Erhai Lake) in Southwest China. We estimated the annual total evaporation and CO2 emission from the lake, and the evaporation trend in the past few decades was also discussed. Due to the large thermal inertia of lake water, the surface water temperature lagged behind the air temperature. Maximum lake-air temperature difference of about 4 °C had been observed in November. Water temperature profile measurements revealed that the stratification of lake water was not evident throughout the year. The spectra and cospectra of wind speed and temperature roughly satisfied the −2/3 and −4/3 rule in inertial subrange, respectively. The w spectra were observed to have a larger contribution from higher frequencies than other variables. Obvious shifts of spectra and cospectra peaks toward higher frequencies were observed as the atmospheric stratification became more stable. The lake acted as a heat sink from March through June and quickly released heat into the atmosphere from September through December. Average energy balance closure for the lake was about 80 % in 2012. The lake majorly acted as a source of CO2 to the atmosphere, but weak sinks of CO2 were observed in the summer and early fall. The total annual emission of CO2 was estimated to be 333.28 g C m−2 year−1. The annual evaporation over the lake decreased due to the increased amount of low cloud and precipitation, with the lower annual evaporation in the 1990s compared to that in the 1980s.

Biophysical effects on the interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange of an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract: . Eddy covariance measurements from 2012 to 2015 were used to investigate the interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange and its control over an alpine meadow on the south-east margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in the 4 years from 2012 to 2015 was −114.2, −158.5, −159.9 and −212.6 g C m−2 yr−1, and generally decreased with the mean annual air temperature (MAT). An exception occurred in 2014, which had the highest MAT. This was attributed to higher ecosystem respiration (RE) and similar gross primary production (GPP) in 2014 because the GPP increased with the MAT, but became saturated due to the limit in photosynthetic capacity. In the spring (March to May) of 2012, low air temperature (Ta) and drought events delayed grass germination and reduced GPP. In the late wet season (September to October) of 2012 and 2013, the low Ta in September and its negative effects on vegetation growth caused earlier grass senescence and significantly lower GPP. This indicates that the seasonal pattern of Ta has a substantial effect on the annual total GPP, which is consistent with results obtained using the homogeneity-of-slopes (HOS) model. The model results showed that the climatic seasonal variation explained 48.6 % of the GPP variability, while the percentages explained by climatic interannual variation and the ecosystem functional change were 9.7 and 10.6 %, respectively.

Influence of the LTS Outsert Shape on AC Losses in a REBCO HTS Insert

Abstract: A superconducting magnet system composed of a REBCO high-temperature superconducting (HTS) insert and low-temperature superconducting (LTS) outsert has been designed and fabricated. When the HTS insert is charged up/down or exposed to an alternating magnetic field, it will suffer large ac losses which impart a negative effect on the thermal stability of the superconducting magnet system. The influence of the LTS outsert shape on ac losses was investigated. The calculations are carried out in three steps. First, the Fabry's coil-shape factor was adopted to design the LTS outsert. The inner radius, the outer radius, and the height of the LTS outsert were varied independently to obtain the configurations with the same center magnetic field, albeit of different shapes. The magnetic field dependence of the REBCO tape's Ic-value was introduced accordingly. Secondly, the ac losses generated in the HTS insert were studied based on a slab model, which takes the temperature variation into consideration. Thirdly, the results for ac losses with different LTS outserts were compared and discussed through three different cases.

Enabling Delay of Gratification Behavior in Those Not So Predisposed: The Moderating Role of Social Support

Abstract: The presence of delay of gratification (DG) in childhood is correlated with success later in a person's life. Is there any way of helping adults with a low level of DG to obtain similar success? The present research examines how social support helps those low in DG nonetheless to act similarly to those high in DG. This research includes both correlational studies and experiments that manipulate social support as well as both field studies and a laboratory study. The results show that with high social support, employees (Study 1) and university students (Study 2) low in DG report vocational and academic DG behavioral intentions, respectively, similar to those high in DG. Study 3 found that participants low in DG who were primed with high social support expressed job-choice DG similar to those high in the DG. Study 4 controlled for mood and self-image and found that participants low in DG who were primed with high social support expressed more money-choice DG than those high in the DG. Study 5 showed that social support moderated the relationship between DG and actual DG behaviors. These findings provide evidence for a moderating role of social support in the expression of DG behavior.

Decoupling Design of Z2 Superconducting Shim Coils for 9.4-T MRI Superconducting Magnet

Abstract: A set of superconducting shim coils for the 9.4-T whole-body MRI superconducting magnet have been designed. A minimum criterion for the Z2 shim coils' decoupling from the magnet is introduced for the safety of the Z2 shim coils during the magnet quench. The traditional two-pair structure of the Z2 shim coils is introduced based on analytical method. A new five-coil structure of the Z2 shim coils for decoupling design is proposed. Optimized solutions with respect to different design parameters are obtained and analyzed. Solution is chosen for the magnet in consideration of the capacity that the magnet needs and the field error that other shim methods can deal with.

[Protective effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide against liver injury induced by D-galactose in aging mice and its mechanisms].

Abstract: Objective To investigate the protective effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) against liver injury induced by D-galactose in aging mice and its mechanisms. Methods Male C57BL/6J were randomly divided into three groups with 10 mice in each group. In the D-galactose model group, the mice were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose (120 mg/kg) qd×42; in the ASP+D-galactose group, from the 8th day of the establishment of D-galactose model, the mice were subcutaneously injected with ASP (120 mg/kg) qd×35. In the normal control group, the mice were subcutaneously injected with isotonic saline of the same volume at the same time point. On the 2nd day after the injection was finished, the ocular blood was collected to prepare serum and measure the content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBil). The liver tissue homogenate was prepared to measure the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). A paraffin section of liver tissue was prepared; HE staining was performed to observe the pathomorphological changes of the liver, periodic acid-Schiff staining (PAS) was used to observe the changes in glycogen in the liver, and a transmission electron microscope was used to observe the hepatocyte ultrastructure. Results The D-galactose model group had increased content of ALT, AST, and TBil, reduced activities of SOD and GSH-Px, an increased content of MDA, and severe liver injuries; the hepatocytes showed degenerative changes, the amount of glycogen in the liver decreased, and the accumulation of AGEs increased. The ASP+D-galactose group had reduced content of ALT, AST, and TBil, increased activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and reduced content of MDA and AGEs; the amount of glycogen in the liver increased, and liver injury and hepatocyte injury were alleviated. Conclusion ASP can antagonize the liver injury induced by D-galactose in aging mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress. Key words: Liver injury; Mechanism; Oxidative stress; D-galactose

Culture solution for retinal pigment epitheliums and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract: The invention provides a culture solution for retinal pigment epitheliums (hESC-RPE). The culture solution is characterized in that the culture solution contains, 96-97.5 volume fractions of a basic culture medium, 1 volume fraction of non-essential amino acids (NEAA), 1 volume fraction of L-glutamine, 0.5-21 volume fractions of an N2 additive, a component a and a component b. The invention further provides a preparation method of the culture solution and a method for culturing the retinal pigment epitheliums (hESC-RPE) by using the culture solution. Compared with existing culture media, the culture medium of the culture solution is simple composition, the costs are lower, no ethical problem is related, and cell proliferation can be promoted.

Deformation of a concrete matrix subject to a cyclic freeze–thaw process

Abstract: The cyclic freeze–thaw process has been recognized as one of the most primary factors leading to structural and function failure of concrete Strain, which may have certain inherent advantages when compared to traditional test parameters such as real-time non-destructive monitoring, which is more accurate and continuous with little error caused by manual intervention, was used to characterize the deformation and deterioration of a concrete matrix under a cyclic freeze–thaw process in this study With the cyclic freeze–thaw process, the strain hysteretic loop is raised upwards indicating that residual strain is generated in the concrete matrix The residual strain generated proves that damage in the concrete matrix is continuously accumulated and an irreversible deterioration process The variation of freeze characteristic temperature ΔTf and the apparent frost heaving coefficient Δαf defined in this study can be used to characterize the degree of freeze–thaw damage and the frost resistance of concrete, respectively Through theoretical analysis, a numerical model, which can show the relationship between concrete freeze–thaw damage and residual strain has been deducted and verified, which indicates that residual strain can be used to characterize the frost resistance of concrete subjected to a cyclic freeze–thaw process such as traditional parameters Moreover, the residual strain generated in 35 wt% NaCl solution is larger than in water, showing that chloride attack accelerates the freeze–thaw damage of concrete

Strong optical absorption of LaMn0.6Al0.4O3 thin films in the mid-infrared atmospheric window

Abstract: Strong light absorption in the mid-infrared atmosphere window (3–5 μm) was reported for a complete (100)-oriented LaMn0.6Al0.4O3 thin film. It is attributed to Al-doping induced electron transitions from the polar center of a [MnO610−]JT pseudo-Jahn–Teller electron cluster to a [MnO68−]JT pseudo-Jahn–Teller hole cluster and strain intensification.

Animal fixing device for medical experiment

Abstract: The invention provides an animal fixing device for a medical experiment. The animal fixing device comprises a detection box and a fixing part. The detection box comprises a box bottom and side walls upwardly extending along the box bottom. Accommodation space used for accommodating an animal is enclosed by the box bottom and the side walls. The box bottom is provided with at least one detection area used for conducting optical stimulation or pain stimulation. The fixing part is arranged at the surface of the box bottom of the detection box or the surface of one side wall such that limbs of the animal to be detected can be fixed into the detection area. The animal fixing device for the medical experiment has following beneficial effects: limbs of the experimental animal can stay in the detection area and the range of activity for bending limbs is preserved; the animal is precluded from moving or changing a body position after being suffered by a pain stimulus; the experiment is kept continuously going on such that the experiment is conducted in a time-saving and labor-saving manner; and the animal fixing device for the medical experiment is simple and convenient in assembly and easy in operation.

DFT simulation on the temperature-dependent electronic transition of V (Nb or Ta) substituted NiMn2O4

Abstract: Previously, we reported that the d–p (Mn-3d–O-2p) orbital hybridization induces Mn valence change (Mn3+→Mn4+) in the octahedron. The electron transfer mechanism can be controlled by modifying the Mn-3d orbital in the octahedron. Here, we used the density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-CA) techniques to calculate the electron transfer mechanism of the V (Nb or Ta) substituted NiMn2O4 (NMO) in the temperature range of 50–1500 K. The results show that the heat accumulation accelerates the O-2p4 orbital splitting, inducing charge disproportionation. The V-3d3 substituted Mn increases the intensity and of the partial density of state (PDOS) at conduction band (1–3 eV), this enhances the V-3d3–O-2p4 p–d σ∗ orbital. The Nb-4d3/Ta-5d3 substituted Mn reduces the intensity of the PDOS at conduction band (1–5 eV), this weakens the Nb-4d3/Ta-5d3–O-2p4 p–d σ∗ orbital. This study effectively analyzes the microscopic changes of the electron transfer caused by the heat accumulation, provides a theoretical basis for the design of NMO-based negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors.

Femur middle-lower section bone defect model as well as constructing method and application thereof

Abstract: The invention provides a constructing method of a femur middle-lower section bone defect model. The constructing method of the bone defect model comprises the following steps: (1) taking preserved skin from posterior limb of an anesthetized animal and disinfecting the preserved skin, and making incisions on middle, lower and front outer sides of femur of the animal to expose the middle-lower section of the femur; and (2) exciding femurs differing in size from the middle-lower section of the femur to form bone defect, irrigating wounds, dressing and stitching so as to obtain the femur middle-lower section bone defect model. On a femur middle-lower section bone defect operative approach, important blood vessels and nerves are avoided, so that secondary injury and bleeding are relieved in a process of establishing the bone defect model to the greatest extent; and the model is good in unity and repeatability, and is conducive to simulating a clinical bone defect repairing effect. The invention also provides a femur middle-lower section bone defect model prepared based on the method and application of the bone defect model.

Don’t Always Prefer My Chosen Objects: Low Level of Trait Autonomy and Autonomy Deprivation Decreases Mere Choice Effect

Abstract: Choice effect is a robust phenomenon in which even “mere choice” that does not include actual choosing actions could result in more preference for the self-chosen objects over other-chosen objects. In the current research, we proposed that autonomy would impact the mere choice effect. We conducted two studies to examine the hypothesis. The results showed that the mere choice effect measured by Implicit Association Test (IAT) significantly decreased for participants with lower levels of trait autonomy (Study 1) and when participants were primed to experience autonomy deprivation (Study 2). The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.