Showing papers by "Lei Wang published in 2017"

Regional ambient temperature is associated with human personality

Abstract: Human personality traits differ across geographical regions 1–5 . However, it remains unclear what generates these geographical personality differences. Because humans constantly experience and react to ambient temperature, we propose that temperature is a crucial environmental factor that is associated with individuals’ habitual behavioural patterns and, therefore, with fundamental dimensions of personality. To test the relationship between ambient temperature and personality, we conducted two large-scale studies in two geographically large yet culturally distinct countries: China and the United States. Using data from 59 Chinese cities (N = 5,587), multilevel analyses and machine learning analyses revealed that compared with individuals who grew up in regions with less clement temperatures, individuals who grew up in regions with more clement temperatures (that is, closer to 22 °C) scored higher on personality factors related to socialization and stability (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability) and personal growth and plasticity (extraversion and openness to experience). These relationships between temperature clemency and personality factors were replicated in a larger dataset of 12,499 ZIP-code level locations (the lowest geographical level feasible) in the United States (N = 1,660,638). Taken together, our findings provide a perspective on how and why personalities vary across geographical regions beyond past theories (subsistence style theory, selective migration theory and pathogen prevalence theory). As climate change continues across the world, we may also observe concomitant changes in human personality. Personality traits differ across geographical regions, suggesting a role for environmental factors. Wei, Lu, and colleagues show an association between regional ambient temperature and personality in two large studies conducted in China and the United States.

Residents’ Attitudes towards Sustainable Tourism Development in a Historical-Cultural Village: Influence of Perceived Impacts, Sense of Place and Tourism Development Potential

Abstract: This study aims to assess the residents’ support for sustainable tourism development in a destination that is in the initial tourism development stage. Residents’ perception of sustainable tourism development potential, sense of place, perceived tourism impacts, and tourism development support were involved in this study. A total of 331 completed questionnaire surveys were collected in Luozhou, a historical-cultural village in China. The empirical data were analyzed using a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, and the results revealed that perceived collective benefits had a significant positive effect on tourism development support, whereas the other three perceived impacts’ influence were not significant. The relationship between residents’ sense of place and perceived collective and personal benefits, perceived personal costs and tourism development support, were significant. Additionally, residents’ perceptions of tourism development potential had a significant influence on perceived impact and tourism development support except for perceived personal benefits. Some practical implications of those findings for tourism planning and development are also discussed.

Berberine ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in ApoE-/- mice.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effects of Berberine (BBR) against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Male 4-week-old C57BL/6J Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were divided into the following three groups, which were given different diets: Normal chow diet (SC group); high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHC group); and HFHC diet supplemented with BBR (BBR group). Serum biochemical indicators of hepatic function and histological liver tissue changes were evaluated. The expression of neutrophil elastase (NE) and genes involved in the inflammatory response was measured. ApoE-/- mice fed a HFHC diet for 12 weeks developed NASH, characterized by steatosis and liver inflammation. Body weight, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were markedly reduced by BBR. BBR supplementation significantly lowered serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in mice with HFHC diet-induced NASH, and significantly downregulated hepatic expression and activity of NE, whereas α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) expression was significantly recovered by BBR (all P<0.05 vs. the HFHC group). Furthermore, treatment with BBR induced a significant reduction in the expression of key genes, including phospoinositide 3-kinase, nuclear factor-κB and interleukin-8, in the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway (all P<0.05 vs. the HFHC group). These results suggest that BBR alleviates NASH in ApoE-/- mice fed a HFHC diet. Restoration of the balance of NE and α1-AT levels, which in turn facilitate the inhibition of the CXCR4 signaling pathways, may be involved in the hepatoprotective effect of BBR. These results indicate that BBR may be a candidate therapeutic agent for the treatment of NASH.

The Interactive Influence of Perceived Ownership and Perceived Choosership of Stocks on Brain Response to Stock Outcomes.

Abstract: The present research examined the influence of perceived ownership (self/other) and perceived chooser (self/other) of stocks on brain activity, and investigated whether differential brain responses to stock outcomes as a result of perceived differences in ownership of stock would be modulated by perceived chooser of stock. We used a 2 (stock chooser: self, other) × 2 (stock owner: self, other) within-subject design to represent four types of chooser-owner relationships. Brain potentials were recorded while participants observed increasing and decreasing stock prices. Results showed that observations of stock outcomes among four types of chooser-owner relationships elicited differentiated feedback-related negativity (d-FRN: differences in FRN waves between losses and gains, reflecting violations of expectancy to stock outcomes): (1) Self-chosen-other-owned stocks evoked significantly larger d-FRN discrepancies than self-chosen-self-owned stocks, indicating a greater expectancy violation to others' losses than to one's own, demonstrating a reversed ownership effect. Moreover, people high in conscientiousness showed an increase in this trend, suggesting a stronger other-consideration; (2) Self-chosen-self-owned stocks and other-chosen-self-owned stocks revealed no significant d-FRN discrepancy, showing no choosership effect beyond the ownership effect; (3) Other-chosen-self-owned stocks evoked a significantly stronger d-FRN discrepancy than other-chosen-other-owned stocks, demonstrating an ownership effect; (4) Self-chosen-other-owned stocks evoked a significantly stronger d-FRN discrepancy than other-chosen-other-owned stocks, revealing a choosership effect. These findings suggest that the ownership effect could be reversed by conscientiousness induced by perceived choosership in the agency relationship, while the choosership effect is attenuated and even disappears under the influence of perceived ownership.

Preparation and characterization of nanoscale LiFePO4 cathode materials by a two-step solid-state reaction method

Abstract: In order to obtain high-performance nanoscale LiFePO4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, CH3COOLi·2H2O, FeC2O4·2H2O, and NH4H2PO4 were used as raw materials to prepare the precursors of LiFePO4 by room-temperature solid-state reaction method firstly; then, LiFePO4 cathode materials were synthesized by high heating solid-state reaction method. The influence of temperature on the crystal structure, microstructure, and electrochemical properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and charge–discharge performance test. It was indicated that the olivine-phase LiFePO4 not only presented nano-sized particles in the range of 40–80 nm, but also showed excellent initial discharge specific capacity of about 155 mAh/g at 0.2 C at a sintering temperature of 700 °C and possessed good cycle performance. This preparation method without any solvent and carbon source addition could realize industrialized production of single-phase nano-LiFePO4.

Study on dielectric, optic and magnetic properties of manganese and nickel co-doped bismuth ferrite thin film

Abstract: BiFeO3 (BFO), Mn (7.5%)-doped BFO (BFMO), Ni (7.5%)-doped BFO (BFNO), as well as Mn (3.75%) and Ni (3.75%) co-doped BFO (BFMNO) films were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates by sol–gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the BFO and BFNO presented single rhombohedral structure, while BFMO and BFMNO thin films presented tetragonal structure. The current density versus electric field (J–E) characteristics indicated that leakage conduction can be decreased with Mn and/or Ni doped. The films conduction mechanism of BFO and BFNO are space-charge-limited current in the high electric field region, while for BFMO and BFMNO is Ohmic’s conduction in all electric field region. The optical band gap of the BFO, BFMO, BFNO and BFMNO thin films are 2.18, 2.22, 2.3 and 2.32 eV, respectively. The inhomogeneous spin-modulated magnetic structure of BiFeO3 was modified by Mn and/or Ni substitution.

Enhanced Electrochemical Capability of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Materials Coated with Fluoroborate Glass for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract: A LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) cathode material is coated with fluoroborate glass (xLi(2)O-yB(2)O(3)-zLiF) to improve the electro-chemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. An xLi(2)O-yB(2)O(3)zLiF layer was successfully coated onto the surface of NCM by using a solution-phase method. The resulting materials are characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The xLi(2)OyB(2)O(3)- zLiF-coated NCM exhibits a superior discharge capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability than those of the uncoated material. Notably, the initial discharge capacity of bare and 2Li(2) O-B2O3-LiF-coated NCM were 182.1 and 207.5 mAhg(-1), respectively, in the voltage range from 2.5 to 4.5 V. At a rate of 5C, the discharge capacity of Li2O-B2O3-LiF-coated NCM is 144.4 mAhg(-1), whereas that of bare NCM is 76.7 mAhg(-1). After 50 cycles at a rate of 0.2C, the capacity retentions of Li2O-B2O3LiF-, 2Li(2)O-B2O3-LiF-, Li2O-2B(2)O(3)-LiF-, and Li2O-B2O3-2LiF-coated NCM are 96.8, 97.2, 95.6, and 95.2%, respectively, whereas the capacity retention of bare NCM is 81.4%. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate that the xLi(2)O-yB(2)O(3)-zLiF coating reduces electrode polarization and decreases charge-transfer resistance at the electrolyte-electrode interface, further improving the electrochemical activity of the NCM cathode material.

Thermal spin torques in magnetic insulators

Abstract: The damping of spin waves transmitted through a two-port magnonic device implemented on a yttrium iron garnet thin film is shown to be proportional to the temperature gradient imposed on the device. The sign of the damping depends on the relative orientation of the magnetic field, the wave vector, and the temperature gradient. The observations are accounted for qualitatively and quantitatively by using an extension of the variational principle that leads to the Landau-Lifshitz equation. All parameters of the model can be obtained by independent measurements.

The vertical distribution characteristics of integral turbulence statistics in the atmospheric boundary layer over an urban area in Beijing

Abstract: Turbulence data (2008–2012) from a 325 m meteorological tower in Beijing, which consisted of three layers (47, 140, and 280 m), was used to analyze the vertical distribution characteristics of turbulent transfer over Beijing city according to similarity theory. The conclusions were as follows. (1) Normalized standard deviations of wind speeds σ i / u * were plotted as a function only of a local stability parameter. The values under near-neutral conditions were 2.15, 1.61, and 1.19 at 47 m, 2.39, 1.75, and 1.21 at 140 m, and 2.51, 1.77, and 1.30 at 280 m, showing a clear increase with height. The normalized standard deviation of wind components fitted the 1/3 law under unstable stratification conditions and decreased with height under both stable and unstable conditions. (2) The normalized standard deviation of temperature fitted the ‒1/3 law in the free convection limit, but was quite scattered with different characteristics under near-neutral conditions. The normalized standard deviations of humidity and the CO2 concentration fitted the ‒1/3 law under unstable conditions, and remained constant under near-neutral and stable stratification. The normalized standard deviation of scalars, i.e., temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration, all increased with height. (3) Compared with momentum, and the water vapor and CO2 concentrations, the turbulence correlation coefficient for heat was smaller under near-neutral conditions, but larger under both stable and unstable conditions. A dissimilarity between heat, and the water vapor and CO2 concentrations was observed in urban areas. The relative correlation coefficients between heat and each of momentum, humidity, and CO2 concentration (| r wT / r uw |, | r wT / r wc | and | r wT / r uq |) in the lower layers were always larger than in higher layers, except for the relative correlation coefficient between heat and humidity in an unstable stratification. Therefore, the ratio between heat and each of momentum, humidity, and CO2 concentration decreased with height.

Response of carbon dioxide exchange to grazing intensity over typical steppes in a semi-arid area of Inner Mongolia

Abstract: The eddy covariance technique was used to measure the CO2 flux over four differently grazed Leymus chinensis steppe ecosystems (ungrazed since 1979 (UG79), winter grazed (WG), continuously grazed (CG), and heavily grazed (HG) sites) during four growing seasons (May to September) from 2005 to 2008, to investigate the response of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) over grassland ecosystems to meteorological factors and grazing intensity. At UG79, the optimal air temperature for the half-hourly NEE occurred between 17 and 20 °C, which was relatively low for semi-arid grasslands. The saturated NEE (NEEsat) and temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q 10) of ecosystem respiration (RE) exhibited clear seasonal and interannual variations, which increased with canopy development and the soil water content (SWC, at 5 cm). The total NEE values for the growing seasons from 2005 to 2008 were −32.0, −41.5, −66.1, and −89.8 g C m−2, respectively. Both the amounts and distribution of precipitation during the growing season affected the NEE. The effects of grazing on the CO2 flux increased with the grazing intensity. During the peak growth stage, heavy grazing and winter grazing decreased NEEsat and gross primary production (45 % for HG and 34 % for WG) due to leaf area removal. Both RE and Q 10 were clearly reduced by heavy grazing. Heavy grazing changed the ecosystem from a CO2 sink into a CO2 source, and winter grazing reduced the total CO2 uptake by 79 %. In the early growing season, there was no difference in the NEE between CG and UG79. In addition to the grazing intensity, the effects of grazing on the CO2 flux also varied with the vegetation growth stages and SWC.

The Structure of the Chinese Material Value Scale: An Eastern Cultural View.

Abstract: This study investigated the structure of the Chinese Material Value Scale (MVS). A two-factor structure, rather than the original three-factor structure, was proposed for China by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Direct evidence showed that the dimensions of success and happiness could be merged together. Both explicit and implicit methods were used to examine the relationship between success and happiness based on possession. In particular, as an implicit method, the dot-probe paradigm recording participants' response time supported the idea that the two-factors could be merged together. The results also showed that for Chinese people, success to an extent means happiness, while the converse is not necessarily true. Chinese are much more concerned about social evaluation than their own feelings, and this cultural characteristic is reflected in our findings.

N × N Reconfigurable Nonblocking Polymer/Silica Hybrid Planar Optical Switch Matrix Based on Total-Internal-Reflection Effect

Abstract: We present a reconfigurable model for N × N non-blocking optical switch matrix (OSM) constituted by N(N-1)/2 2 × 2 thermo-optic polymer/silica hybrid total-internal-reflection switch elements. The number of the elements in the general model is reduced by about 50% compared to the reported all nonblocking OSM, in addition, the proposed model is more compact in footprint and more power-efficient. Each element consists of crossed multimode polymer/silica hybrid waveguides and a heater electrode at the switching node. A switching power of 53.9 mW is required at 1550-nm wavelength to drop the crosstalk below -28.0 dB. Measurements result in a rise time of 421.5/410.1 μs (O1/O2), a fall time of 534.2/464.6 μs (O1 /O2), and crosstalk of -27.6 and -29.1 dB under cross state and bar state, respectively. Subtracting coupling losses, propagation losses of the device under cross state and bar state are about 1.0 and 1.8 dB, respectively. The fabricated 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 reconfigurable non-blocking OSMs using three and six switch elements at sizes of 16.0 mm × 6.8 mm and 26.0 mm × 6.8 mm all show excellent switching performances, and the insertion losses are less than 3.6 and 7.2 dB, respectively.

Luminescence emission-modulated based on specific two-photon compound of triazole-conjugated pyrene derivative

Abstract: A triazole-conjugated pyrene derivative (DTP) with strong two-photon absorption has been synthesized via CuAAC reaction. It can readily self-assemble into ultra-long 1D single-crystal nanowires by a one-step anti-solvent diffusion method, which exhibit exceptional two photon optical waveguides with low optical loss during light propagation. Single-particle spectroscopy of the nanowires clarifies that one short wavelength emission band results from the DTP monomer and the other longer wavelength band is responsible for the aggregate state of DTP. Moreover, DTP monomer and aggregate state emission peaks intensity of a single nanowire have opposite trends by changing the polarization of the incident light, owning to the two orthogonal optical transition dipoles. Besides, the excitation wavelength was changing from 760 nm to 850 nm, resulting in a red-shift of the maximum emission peak from 466 to 522 nm and the variation of the CIE coordinates from blue to green. This result may open up new perspectives in optoelectronic devices.

Isolation and characterization of two distinct Class II PR4 genes from the oriental lily hybrid Sorbonne

Abstract: Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are generally involved in the defense of plants and are important contributors in the disease resistance of plants. Among the 17 PRs that are currently recognized, the PR4 family of proteins is divided into two classes and features a conserved barwin domain. In this study, we isolated two Class II PR4s from the oriental hybrid lily cultivar Sorbonne using the rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE) method, and designated these two PR4s LhSorPR4a and LhSorPR4b. LhSorPR4a and LhSorPR4b were 627 and 617 bp in length, respectively, and encoded two corresponding PR4s of 141 and 143 amino acids. These deciphered LhSorPR4a and LhSorPR4b protein sequences shared a sequence similarity of 90.7%, but their theoretical isoelectric points were distinctively different (7.74 and 4.08, respectively). The three-dimensional structures of LhSorPR4a and LhSorPR4b predicted by homology modeling showed high similarity to their corresponding papaya barwin-like protein template. Analysis of expression by qPCR revealed that both LhSorPR4a and LhSorPR4b were responsive to methyl jasmonate and ethephon treatments. The LhSorPR4b expression was also significantly induced by sodium salicylate (SS); however, LhSorPR4a was unresponsive to the SS treatment. Both LhSorPR4a and LhSorPR4b were expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and successfully purified. The PR4s characterized in this study (LhSorPR4a and LhSorPR4b) are the first two PR4 family genes isolated from the Lilium genus, and they could therefore play an important role in lily disease resistance.

Qualification of the Manufacturing Procedures of the ITER Correction Coils

Abstract: The system of correction coils (CC) is a component of the ITER magnet system, required to correct toroidal asymmetries and reduce error magnetic fields detrimental for physical processes in the plasma. It includes 18 coils, inserted in between toroidal field coils and poloidal field coils and split into 3 sets of 6 coils each: bottom correction coils (BCC), side correction coils (SCC), and top correction coils (TCC). BCC and TCC are planar coils, whereas SCC are wound on a cylinder. All CC coils are wound using a 10 kA NbTi cable-in-conduit conductor and are manufactured by ASIPP laboratory (Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences), under the responsibility of ITER China. A manufacturing line was installed in 2013 at ASIPP in a dedicated workshop for the construction of the CC. In order to qualify the manufacturing procedures, a comprehensive qualification program has been set up. This program includes a set of mock-ups, manufactured according to the process to be used for the coils and submitted to different tests. These qualification items are winding, insulation and vacuum pressure impregnation, helium inlet/outlet, terminal joints, case material, filler material between winding-pack and case, case assembly, and terminal service box. Qualification of conductor winding, He inlet/outlet manufacture, winding-pack turn and ground insulation installation and impregnation, case material, winding-pack-case filler material is achieved. This included mechanical testing of materials at room and cryogenic temperature in specialized testing laboratories and high-voltage tests performed at the CC workshop. Joint qualification, relying on electrical tests of joints in a dedicated test facility, is nearly complete. Remaining qualification items are case assembly, winding-pack insertion into case, and case closure welding. Manufacture of the first coil started in 2015 and its winding-pack is near completion.

Effect of tea saponin on ephyrae and polyps of the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp.1.

Abstract: The moon jellyfish (Aurelia sp.1) is thought to be a nuisance for the sea cucumber aquaculture, which commonly occur in the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) culture ponds of the Yellow Sea, China. To develop an appropriate method to control Aurelia sp.1 blooms, the toxic effects of tea saponin on Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae and polyps were tested in laboratory experiments. Our results revealed that tea saponin caused significant morphological changes, behavioral abnormality and mortality in Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae and polyps in 24 h and 48 h exposure experiments. The 24 h and 48 h median lethal concentrations (LC50) values of tea saponin for Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae were 1.9 and 1.1 mg L-1 respectively, while the LC50 value for Aurelia sp.1 polyps was 0.4 mg L-1 after 24h and 48 h of exposure to tea saponin. Comparison with literature results of tea saponin on A. japonicus indicates that the resistance of A. japonicus to tea saponin is 12-18 times greater than that of Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae. Therefore, the appropriate tea saponin dosage for the control of Aurelia sp.1 should be paid enough attention in order to minimize possible damage for sea cucumber. We suggest that the recommended level of tea saponin to eradicate Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae and polyps in sea cucumber culture ponds be lower than 1.35 mg L-1.

Fast ion conductor coating modifying method of lithium ion battery ternary anode material

Abstract: The invention relates to a fast ion conductor coating modifying method of a lithium ion battery ternary anode material. The method includes: preparing coating liquid; putting LiOH, H2O, H3BO3 and LiF in deionized water, and stirring at a constant speed; pouring a nickel, cobalt and manganese ternary material into the coating liquid which is stirred well, and stirring at a constant speed; fully evaporating mixed liquid which is stirred well under a condition of water bath; grinding, thermally treating, grinding, and sieving to obtain the lithium ion battery ternary anode material. Coated lithium, boron and fluorine fast ion conductor glass reduces contact area between the anode material and electrolyte and inhibits side reaction caused by direct contact of the both. The method is simple, short in process and easy-to-operate in step, and the material is excellent in processing performance and electrochemical performance; impedance of batteries is lowered, and high rate performance and circulating stability of the material are improved.

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt.

Abstract: The morphology and structure of plumbing systems can provide key information on the eruption rate and style of basalt lava fields. The most powerful way to study subsurface geo-bodies is to use industrial 3D reflection seismological imaging. However, strategies to image subsurface volcanoes are very different from that of oil and gas reservoirs. In this study, we process seismic data cubes from the Northern Tarim Basin, China, to illustrate how to visualize sills through opacity rendering techniques and how to image the conduits by time-slicing. In the first case, we isolated probes by the seismic horizons marking the contacts between sills and encasing strata, applying opacity rendering techniques to extract sills from the seismic cube. The resulting detailed sill morphology shows that the flow direction is from the dome center to the rim. In the second seismic cube, we use time-slices to image the conduits, which corresponds to marked discontinuities within the encasing rocks. A set of time-slices obtained at different depths show that the Tarim flood basalts erupted from central volcanoes, fed by separate pipe-like conduits.

Three-component pillared phononic crystal plate containing viscoelastic material

Abstract: Three-component pillared phononic crystal plates (PPCPs) usually contain viscoelastic materials. The influence of viscoelasticity on the band structures cannot be ignored. Based on the finite element method (FEM) and the standard linear solid model, this paper proposes a method to obtain the band structures of three-component PPCP containing viscoelastic rubber. The influence of the rubber storage modulus shifting along with frequency on the vibration band gaps is investigated, and the band structures of loss factor under different relaxation time are obtained.

Method for improving rate capability of ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving rate capability of a ternary cathode material of a lithium ion battery. According to the method, a spray drying technology is adopted to coat the ternary cathode material of the lithium ion battery with lithium fast ion conductor glass Li2O-2B2O3-mLi2SO4. A lithium compound, a boron compound and a lithium-sulfur compound in mole ratio are mixed with deionized water and uniformly stirred, paste is formed, a precursor is prepared through spray drying, placed in a muffle furnace and roasted at 500 DEG C for 10 h, and a sample is prepared. By means of the method, charge-discharge properties of the ternary cathode material of the lithium ion battery under high current density is improved, and the rate capability of the LiNixCoyMn(1-x-y)O2 ternary cathode material is improved. The treated ternary cathode material of the lithium ion battery can effectively improve the quick charge-discharge properties of a power battery. Meanwhile, the method adopts simple production equipment, production efficiency ishigh,cost islow, and large-scale production can be realized.

Correcting precipitation measurements of TRwS204 in the QilianMountains, China

Abstract: . With the development and popularization of automatic weather stations, testing the performance of the recording precipitation gauges and deriving the adjustment algorithm have become the top priority. This study mainly analyzed the losses of TRwSSA (TRwS204 shielded with a single Alter) through correlation and regression methods, and derived the correction algorithm from August 2014 to August 2016 in the Qilian Mountains, China. Results show that precipitation collected with TRwSSA was 116.2, 5.8, and 7.6 mm less than the true precipitation during the experiment for rain, sleet, and snow, respectively. For the losses, specific errors account for a larger proportion than systematic errors for rainfall and snowfall events, while systematic errors account for a larger proportion than specific errors for sleet events. Regression analyses show that the amount of precipitation and mean air temperature can affect specific errors, particularly for snowfall events. On average, the specific errors per event were 0.6, 0.0, and 0.4 mm for rain, sleet, and snow, respectively, and the systematic errors per event were 0.1, 0.1 and 0.0 mm for rain, sleet, and snow, respectively. For systematic errors, wind speed was still the most significant factor for the catch ratio (CR) of rain and sleet, whereas humidity affected the CR of snow to a certain extent. Currently, given that the transfer functions were agreed to derive from the DFAR (DFIR fence + automatic weighing gauge + shield + precipitation detector), considerable attention should be focused on the specific errors of the automatic weighing gauge.

Fluxgate sensor and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluxgate sensor and a manufacturing method thereof. According to the method, the film growth technology is utilized to generate a soft-magnetic material layer (a permalloy film) taken as a magnetic core on a surface of an insulation substrate; after an insulation layer is formed on the soft-magnetic material layer, a metal conduction layer is deposited, permalloy molecules can be artificially arranged through the film growth technology, and high precision control on uniformity and thickness is realized; the etching technology is utilized to etch the alloy film into an excitation coil and an induction coil, the flow is monitored by apparatus equipment, and the nano-level fluxgate sensor is formed. The method is advantaged in that manpower is saved, the speed is quick, efficiency is high, a defect rate is low, manpower cost is substantially saved after one-time investment, and the fluxgate sensor has advantages of small volume, high precision, quite low power consumption, high sensitivity, mass-batch production and high yield.

[A Sjögren's syndrome patient with prominent aortic valve involvement: a case report].

Abstract: Sjogren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease which is characterized by xerosis, and multiple organs can be affected, causing interstitial lung disease, renal tubular acidosis, blood system involvement, peripheral neuropathy, and liver damage, but cardiac involvement is rare. Here we report a case of Sjogren's syndrome with prominent aortic valve involvement. A 66-year-old woman was admitted for exertional dyspnea, and the ultrasonic cardiogram showed severe aortic stenosis with moderate regurgitation. Preoperative examination for valve replacement found that the patient had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and positive rheumatoid factor, so she was referred to the rheumatology outpatient department for further examination and treatment. Further questions about medical history found that the patient had dry eyes and dry mouth for more than ten years, and had obvious caries. Further laboratory examination showed elevated serum immunoglobulin levels and positive anti-nuclear antibody. The findings of ophthalmologic examination and labial gland biopsy also supported the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. After treatment of glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine for ten months, her dyspnea symptoms were obviously improved in the patient, and the rheumatoid factor had become negative while her erythrocyte sedimentation rate normal. Repeated ultrasonic cardiogram examination showed that her aortic stenosis was also improved. The patient has been followed up for four years, and her condition kept stable. Cardiac involvement in Sjogren's syndrome can affect all parts of the heart, but valve involvement is relatively rare. The specific relationship between cardiac involvement and Sjogren's syndrome and the mechanisms behind these associations both need further research.

Study on Causes and Compensation for Speed Attenuation of a Spherical Superconducting Rotor

Abstract: When the superconducting magnetic suspension device is in operation, the spherical superconducting rotor will keep rotating at a high speed above 200 Hz. It brings the rotor a large angular momentum and high orientation stability, which is one of the preconditions for achieving high accuracy of the device. However, in engineering practice, due to the influence of some factors, the speed of the rotor will decay, which affects the precision of the device. In this paper, main factors that arouse the speed attenuation of the rotor were analyzed. Experiments on speed attenuation with different pressures were carried out. Compensation for the error of the drift rate arising from speed attenuation was carried out after a drift test for the device. After compensation, the drift rate decreased by 4.95% compared with the value without compensation.