Lei Wang

Bio: Lei Wang is an academic researcher from Chinese Academy of Sciences. The author has contributed to research in topics: Precipitation & Medicine. The author has an hindex of 50, co-authored 429 publications receiving 9543 citations. Previous affiliations of Lei Wang include Taizhou University & Peking University.

Precipitation behavior of M2N in a high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel during isothermal aging

Abstract: The precipitation behavior of M 2 N and the microstructural evolution in a Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel with a high nitrogen content of 0.43mass% during isothermal aging has been investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The aging treatments have led to the decomposition of nitrogen supersaturated austenitic matrix through discontinuous cellular precipitation. The precipitated cells comprise alternate lamellae of M 2 N precipitate and austenitic matrix. This kind of precipitate morphology is similar to that of pearlite. However, owing to the non-eutectoidic mechanism of the reaction, the growth characteristic of the cellular precipitates is different from that of pearlite in Fe-C binary alloys. M 2 N precipitate in the cell possesses a hexagonal crystal structure with the parameters a = 0.4752nnm and c = 0.4429nm, and the orientation relationship between the M 2 N precipitates and austenite determined from the SADP is [0110] M2N //[101]γ, [2110] M2N //[010]γ,

Berberine ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in ApoE-/- mice.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effects of Berberine (BBR) against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Male 4-week-old C57BL/6J Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were divided into the following three groups, which were given different diets: Normal chow diet (SC group); high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHC group); and HFHC diet supplemented with BBR (BBR group). Serum biochemical indicators of hepatic function and histological liver tissue changes were evaluated. The expression of neutrophil elastase (NE) and genes involved in the inflammatory response was measured. ApoE-/- mice fed a HFHC diet for 12 weeks developed NASH, characterized by steatosis and liver inflammation. Body weight, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were markedly reduced by BBR. BBR supplementation significantly lowered serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in mice with HFHC diet-induced NASH, and significantly downregulated hepatic expression and activity of NE, whereas α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) expression was significantly recovered by BBR (all P<0.05 vs. the HFHC group). Furthermore, treatment with BBR induced a significant reduction in the expression of key genes, including phospoinositide 3-kinase, nuclear factor-κB and interleukin-8, in the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway (all P<0.05 vs. the HFHC group). These results suggest that BBR alleviates NASH in ApoE-/- mice fed a HFHC diet. Restoration of the balance of NE and α1-AT levels, which in turn facilitate the inhibition of the CXCR4 signaling pathways, may be involved in the hepatoprotective effect of BBR. These results indicate that BBR may be a candidate therapeutic agent for the treatment of NASH.

Precipitation–altitude relationships on different timescales and at different precipitation magnitudes in the Qilian Mountains

Abstract: It is generally accepted that altitude is the main variable governing the spatial distribution of precipitation in the mountains. This study mainly discusses the precipitation–altitude relationships on different timescales and at different individual precipitation magnitudes in the entire study period (April 2012 to September 2015), wet season (May to September), and dry season (October to April), and tries to find a threshold to determine whether the correlation between precipitation and altitude is significant. In this study, the half-hourly data, including precipitation, wind speed, and air temperature, from April 2012 to September 2015 are obtained by six automatic meteorological stations located on the north slope of Qilian Mountains, which range from 2980 to 4484 m a.s.l., and horizontal distance is approximately 7000 m. Results indicate that (i) if all samples in the entire study period are to be investigated, the individual precipitation had to reach about 30 or 40 mm, then the sample may pass the significance test at p < 0.05 or at p < 0.01, respectively. The thresholds in wet season are same as that during entire study period. The thresholds in dry season are about 10 and 15 mm (ii) with increasing timescale, the percentage of samples that pass the test increases. However, it is until the monthly scale whether it is wet or dry season or the entire study period, the precipitation–altitude relationships have statistical significance and using the monthly or yearly scale as the time unit can be better applied to the research, which is based on the precipitation–altitude relationships.

Disentangling stereotypes from social reality: Astrological stereotypes and discrimination in China.

Abstract: Because stereotypes and social reality are mutually reinforcing, it is often unclear whether a given stereotype has emerged from preexisting social reality, or has shaped social reality over time to resemble the stereotype (e.g., via discrimination). To address this chicken-or-egg problem, we advance an integrative model that captures not only endogenous stereotype formation from social reality, but also exogenous stereotype formation without social reality. When arbitrary social categories are introduced, the cultural meanings of category cues (e.g., semantic category names) can be exogenously projected as stereotypes onto those social categories. To illustrate exogenous stereotype formation, we examined a novel form of stereotyping and discrimination in China based on astrological signs, which were introduced into China from the West. Studies 1a, 1b, and 2 revealed that astrological stereotypes are salient in China (but not in the United States). These stereotypes were likely produced exogenously because of how the signs were translated into Chinese. In particular, Virgos are stereotyped as having disagreeable personalities, likely because of Virgo’s Chinese translation as “virgin” (Study 3). This translation-based stereotype led Chinese individuals to discriminate against Virgos in romantic dating (Study 4) and in simulated job recruitment (Studies 5 and 6). Studies 7 and 8 confirmed that astrological stereotypes are inaccurate and astrological discrimination is irrational: Astrological sign predicted neither personality (N = 173,709) nor job performance (N = 32,878). Overall, our research disentangles stereotypes from social reality by providing a real-world demonstration that stereotypes can form without preexisting social reality, yet still produce discrimination that can then shape social reality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Liquid Metal Enabled Flexible Electronic System for Eye Movement Tracking

Abstract: Eye movement tracking is concerned with many important areas of research, of which tracking with a traditional scleral search coil system is deemed the gold standard. However, since such coil system requires anaesthetic use due to the stiffness of the copper wire coil in the system, it is of great importance to improve the wearing sensation experience. Here, an innovative electronic system for eye movement recording is proposed and realized, in which a liquid metal coil is introduced as the core element, attempting to provide a comfortable eye sensation. Theoretical investigation shows that this type of coil has performance similar to the traditional copper coil, which implies it is suitable for eye movement tracking. It has been demonstrated that such liquid metal coil is soft, flexible, and easy to produce, indicating that the coil is potentially favorable as a wearable medical device. Experiments show that the variance fitting curve between the induced voltage and rotation angle measured with the liquid metal coil during eye movement accords well with that of the classical copper scleral search coil, with both determination coefficients over 0.98, which confirms the reliability of the new coil. Overall, the feasibility of the liquid metal coil system suggests a useful approach for detecting human eye movement behavior and related diseases, which may facilitate disease diagnosis and prediction.

Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

Abstract: Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model [presentation]

Abstract: Abstract A two-dimensional version of the Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model has been applied to Winter Monsoon Experiment data in order to simulate the diurnally occurring convection observed over the South China Sea. The domain includes a representation of part of Borneo as well as the sea so that the model can simulate the initiation of convection. Also included in the model are parameterizations of mesoscale ice phase and moisture processes and longwave and shortwave radiation with a diurnal cycle. This allows use of the model to test the relative importance of various heating mechanisms to the stratiform cloud deck, which typically occupies several hundred kilometers of the domain. Frank and Cohen's cumulus parameterization scheme is employed to represent vital unresolved vertical transports in the convective area. The major conclusions are: Ice phase processes are important in determining the level of maximum large-scale heating and vertical motion because there is a strong anvil componen...

Carbon quantum dots and their applications

Abstract: Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that have emerged recently and have garnered much interest as potential competitors to conventional semiconductor quantum dots. In addition to their comparable optical properties, CQDs have the desired advantages of low toxicity, environmental friendliness low cost and simple synthetic routes. Moreover, surface passivation and functionalization of CQDs allow for the control of their physicochemical properties. Since their discovery, CQDs have found many applications in the fields of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. This article reviews the progress in the research and development of CQDs with an emphasis on their synthesis, functionalization and technical applications along with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this exciting and promising field.